Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), based on motor imagery, are increasingly used in neurorehabilitation. However, some people cannot control BCI, predictors of this are the features of brain activity and personality traits. It is not known whether the success of BCI control is related to interhemispheric asymmetry. The study was conducted on 44 BCI-naive subjects and included one BCI session, EEG-analysis, 16PF Cattell Questionnaire, estimation of latent left-handedness, and of subjective complexity of real and imagery movements. The success of brain states recognition during imagination of left hand (LH) movement compared to the rest is higher in reserved, practical, skeptical, and not very sociable individuals. Extraversion, liveliness, and dominance are significant for the imagination of right hand (RH) movements in “pure” right-handers, and sensitivity in latent left-handers. Subjective complexity of real LH and of imagery RH movements correlates with the success of brain states recognition in the imagination of movement of LH compared to RH and depends on the level of handedness. Thus, the level of handedness is the factor influencing the success of BCI control. The data are supposed to be connected with hemispheric differences in motor control, lateralization of dopamine, and may be important for rehabilitation of patients after a stroke.
Highlights
The technology of motor imagery-based on Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) has been used as a treatment for rehabilitation of post stroke and spinal cord injury patients as well as of the individuals with musculoskeletal disorders [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]
Personality traits are shown to be predictors of ability to control BCI. These include memory size and ability to control attention [29]; the ability to concentrate attention, assessed by the attitudes towards work (AHA) test [30,31,32]; degree of self-reliance (Q2) assessed by the 16PF questionnaire [21]; confidence in ability to control BCI and lack of fear of failure [33,34,35,36,37], dealing with technology [34]; activity [21,38]; spatial abilities assessed by the success of mental rotation of figures [21,28,39]; ability to perform precise hand movements assessed by two-hand coordination test [29]; good kinesthetic and visual-motor imagination [40]; ability to imagine in opposite of practicality and down-to-earthness [21]
Significant correlations between the personality traits and ARH or ALH are shown in Table 1, Appendix A, and Figure 1A
Summary
The technology of motor imagery-based on BCI has been used as a treatment for rehabilitation of post stroke and spinal cord injury patients as well as of the individuals with musculoskeletal disorders [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. Personality traits are shown to be predictors of ability to control BCI (see review [28]) These include memory size and ability to control attention [29]; the ability to concentrate attention, assessed by the attitudes towards work (AHA) test [30,31,32]; degree of self-reliance (Q2) assessed by the 16PF questionnaire [21]; confidence in ability to control BCI and lack of fear of failure [33,34,35,36,37], dealing with technology [34]; activity (active learners tend to perform better than reflexive ones) [21,38]; spatial abilities assessed by the success of mental rotation of figures [21,28,39]; ability to perform precise hand movements assessed by two-hand coordination test [29]; good kinesthetic and visual-motor imagination [40]; ability to imagine (abstractedness, M) in opposite of practicality and down-to-earthness [21]. Factors such as mood [41], motivation [32,33,41], as well as age (over 25 is better than younger) [42] and gender (women perform better than men) [42] are shown to be predictors of successful BCI control
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