Abstract
In general, the state of seed production in Kazakhstan can be characterized by the following figures. According to Kostanay branch of Kazakh research Institute of mechanization and electrification of agriculture total requirement of seeds is around 2 million tons. These farms provide 70% of the Republic'sfarms with seeds, the remaining 30% are imported from Russia. The studies have shown that all grain-producing regions of Kazakhstan can be classified into three categories according to the annual gross grain harvest, respectively, 16; 15; 3.26 and 2.9 million tons. It is advisable that typical seed farms have the following characteristics: in the first category of regions — the average area of one farm — 2.8 thousand hectares, the average annual grain harvest — 8.06 thousand tons, agro term — 10 days, the required total seed collection -1.78 million tons for all seed farms in the amount of 220 units. Accordingly, in the second category of regions — 1100 hectares; 2.82 thousand tons; 9.5 days 360 thousand tons and 128 units. In a third category — 322 hectares of 1.02 million tons, or 9.1 days, 320 thousand tons and 312 units. Total number of typical specialized farms should be approximately 660 units.
Highlights
The analysis of the reproductive composition of the sown crops for the harvest of 20132017 shows ( % ) that the share of crops sown with elite seeds increased from 3.5% in 2016 to 5.2% in 2017, the use of IV-V seeds and mass reproduction decreased from 20.5% to 12.8%; according to scientific data, the lost volume from the use in the production of lowproductive seeds reaches 20%
The data of technical equipment of seed producers shows that: the provision of seed farms with sowing equipment is on average 70%, harvesting – 80%, seed cleaning – 63%; of the total availability of equipment, 24% of sowing, 12% of harvesting and 25% of seed cleaning equipment is subject to write-off; the highest percentage of wear of equipment is noted in the originators; the use of seed farms of worn equipment entails an overrun of fuel and electricity in the amount of 1.1 billion tenge per year
The first is that the existing seed farms in the Republic of Kazakhstan were created almost spontaneously during the period of agrarian reforms in 1991-2000.They are not proportionally located on the territory of the country, they are not structured by area, quantity in the region, the required volumes of production of seeds of high standards in compliance with the terms of variety renewal
Summary
The analysis of the reproductive composition of the sown crops for the harvest of 20132017 shows ( % ) that the share of crops sown with elite seeds increased from 3.5% in 2016 to 5.2% in 2017, the use of IV-V seeds and mass reproduction decreased from 20.5% to 12.8%; according to scientific data, the lost volume from the use in the production of lowproductive seeds reaches 20%. The varietal composition of the sown seeds of agricultural crops for the harvest of 2017 shows a high share of use in the production of foreign selection varieties: oats – 57.2%, rice – 76%, flax – 63.3%, mustard – 74.6%, ginger – 78%, rape – 44%, for all legumes – 93.7%, annual herbs – 69.2%, sugar beet – 98% [1]. To justify the parameters of typical seed farms on the basis of statistical data on indicators of grain production in 12 grain-producing regions of Kazakhstan and other information sources in the regions
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