SUBSTANTIATION OF TECHNICAL COMPATIBILITY OF NECKLACE RAILWAY STATIONS AND ROLLING STOCK

Abstract

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the technical compatibility of the switch necks of railway stations and rolling stock. Technique. Technical compatibility of the necks of railway stations and rolling stock means the method of interaction of the elements of the structures of the switch necks and rolling stock in accordance with the established safety requirements. As criteria for evaluation of technical compatibility of elements of structures of switch necks and rolling stock, compliance with conditions of car movement in a coupling and their automatic coupling is accepted. Analysis of the established methods of determining the spatial-coordinate relationship of the track infrastructure and rolling stock in the horizontal plane showed that deviations of its control points from the track axis play a decisive role. These phenomena depend on two groups of factors: the parameters of track structure (the presence and parameters of curves, straight inserts, their mutual placement) and the design of the rolling stock (the length of the bases of the trolley and car, the length of cantilever part, the design features of the trolleys, the amount of grip and the angle of deviation of the automatic coupler). Graphical and analytical methods of determining the corresponding radius values are proposed to evaluate the design of the switch necks according to the condition of providing automatic adhesion. The study also obtained an expression for directly calculating the radius value that ensures safe movement in the coupling depending on the angle of deflection of the automatic coupler shank. This made it possible to assess the ability to interact with each other of the structure elements of and rolling stock when moving in a coupler depending on the position of the automatic coupler elements (skewed and not skewed position of the traction clamp, taking into account the normal or buried position of the automatic coupler). To determine the complex criterion in designing the necks of railway stations providing technical compatibility with rolling stock, a comparison of permissible radii during automatic clutch and clutch movement for various types of rolling stock was made. The values of radii that provide automatic adhesion are 1.3-3 times higher than those required for effective movement in the coupling (even when the shank of the automatic coupler is buried). Therefore, as a complex criterion of technical compatibility in the development of requirements for the design of switch necks of railway stations, the condition of automatic adhesion can be adopted. Results. It was obtained that the values of deflection angles at different positions of automatic couplers can differ more than twice, which requires additional restrictions when maneuvering with groups of cars. The calculations confirm the possibility of power interaction of the automatic coupler elements due to non-conformity of the design standards of track structure and rolling stock. In addition, in the designs of existing necks of railway stations, more than 20% of curves have radii less than those allowed by modern design standards of railway stations, up to half - by the design standards of wagons of mass types and up to 80% - by the design standards of cars of increased size. This additionally reduces the technical compatibility of fishing mountains and rolling stock, creates excessive loads during interaction. The "gap" shown between the parameters of track structure and rolling stock can lead to a number of negative consequences associated with the processes of movement in the coupling and traction of cars. Scientific novelty. In order to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the interaction of the switch necks of railway stations and rolling stock, a method of comprehensive assessment of the track structures of railway stations according to the criterion of technical compatibility with rolling stock has been proposed; a simulation model of the interaction process in the track structure-car system has been developed, which allows determining requirements for structural schemes of track structure of a high degree of complexity; main taxa of interaction conditions are established; requirements of technical compatibility of switch necks of railway stations and rolling stock are supplemented; criteria for identifying calculated categories of cars were clarified, parameters of track structures were obtained that ensure technical compatibility of the necks of stations and rolling stock. Practical importance. The obtained technique can be used at stations to localize the most dangerous sections of tracks and identify the category of cars that cause operational restrictions in the operation technology. The application of the results obtained in the development of projects for the construction and reconstruction of railway stations, the production of switch products, and the improvement of rolling stock structures will ensure their technical compatibility and significantly improve operational quality.