Studying the Effect of Probiotics on Liver Factors and Disease Recovery in People with Hepatitis (Review)

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children: Where Are We?

We aimed to elucidate the frequency of polymorphic genotypes and alleles of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 rs738409 polymorphism and its possible associations with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a cohort from Turkey.We enrolled 200 patients diagnosed with NAFLD and genotyped for rs738409 I148M polymorphism by real-time polymerase chain reaction, particularly by melting curve analysis. SPSS analysis software was used for statistical significance. Continuous variable values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Significant statistical level was chosen as p = 0.05.Our results demonstrate in a cohort from Turkey that rs738409 C > G polymorphism (I148M) of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 gene is significantly able to affect individuals to have NAFLD in unadjusted regression model.Consistent with the previous studies in other populations, our study group showed a significantly higher risk of having NAFLD in unadjusted regression model but not in the adjusted model indicating that non-genetic factors such as age and sex may be responsible for the association. However, independent studies need to validate our findings with a larger group of NAFLD patients, as well as in different ethnic cohorts.

Evaluation and management of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Statins Are Safe for the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease

Abnormal aminotransferase activity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in China

Where are we in the search for noninvasive nonalcoholic steatohepatitis biomarkers?

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our aim is to investigate the effects of liraglutide on T2DM with NAFLD. Relevant articles published from the earliest publication to March 2022 were selected from several databases. The Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan software was used for the analysis. Sixteen studies are selected for this meta-analysis, which includes totally 634 patients in the treatment group and 630 patients in the control group. As a result, 14 studies show that fasting plasma glucose levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group; 15 studies show that glycosylated hemoglobin A1c levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group; 13 studies show that triglyceride levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group; twelve studies show that total cholesterol levels of the experimental group are lower than that of the control group; 10 studies show that alanine aminotransferase levels of the experimental group is lower than that of the control group; 10 studies show that no significant difference in changes in aspartate transaminase between 2 groups; 13 studies show that low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of the experimental group is lower than that of the control group; 9 studies show that no significant difference in changes in high density lipoprotein cholesterol between 2 groups; 7 studies mentioned adverse effects and the difference is significant. Liraglutide is potentially curative for T2DM with NAFLD.

We explored the role of the adiponutrin (PNPLA3) nonsynonymous-rs738409 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in genetic susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and whether this SNP contributes to the severity of histological disease. Two hundred sixty-six individuals were evaluated in a case-control association study, which included 172 patients with features of NAFLD and 94 control subjects. The rs738409 G allele was significantly associated with NAFLD (P < 0.001; OR 2.8 95%, CI 1.5-5.2), independent of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) index. When we tested the hypothesis of a relation between the SNP and the histological spectrum of NAFLD, a significant association was observed [chi2 19.9, degree of freedom (df): 2, P < 5 x 10(-5), adjusted for HOMA and BMI]. The degree of liver steatosis, as evaluated by liver biopsy, was significantly associated with the rs738409 G allele. Patients with CC genotype showed a lower steatosis score (14.9% +/- 3.9) in comparison with the CG genotype (26.3% +/- 3.5) and GG genotype (33.3% +/- 4.0) (P < 0.005). The proportion of the total variation attributed to rs738409 genotypes was 5.3% (beta 0.23 +/- 0.07; P < 0.002). Our data suggest that the rs738409 G allele is associated not only with fat accumulation in the liver but also with liver injury, possibly triggered by lipotoxicity.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease. The present study explores the clinical efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of patients with NAFLD by conducting a systematic search of relevant databases. The RevMan 5.4 software was used to evaluate the effects of probiotics on liver function (i.e. alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], lipid metabolism, blood glucose, inflammatory factors [e.g. tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α] and body mass index [BMI]) in patients with NAFLD. A total of 18 high-quality studies were included in the final meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the use of probiotics in the adjuvant treatment of patients with NAFLD improved liver function and reduced ALT levels (mean difference [MD]: −0.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −12.95, −7.19), AST levels (MD: −11.90; 95% CI: −16.55, −7.25) and GGT levels (MD: −8.61; 95% CI: −14.74, −2.48); additionally, the treatment effect was more obvious when the treatment time exceeded 12 weeks. Probiotic therapy reduced patients’ triglyceride levels (MD: −9.71; 95% CI: −18.39, −1.03) and total cholesterol levels (MD: −22.31; 95% CI: −25.41, −19.21). Probiotic treatment improved patients’ levels of fasting blood (MD: −8.22; 95% CI: −12.25, −4.20), insulin (MD: −2.68; 95% CI: −4.94, −0.41) and insulin resistance (MD: −0.72; 95% CI: −1.21, −0.24). Probiotic adjuvant therapy for patients with NAFLD reduced their BMI by approximately 1.67 (95% CI: −2.93, −0.41) and TNF-α levels. The adjuvant treatment of NAFLD with probiotics has a positive clinical effect, which is influenced by treatment time.

Combined alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome: Has the time arrived?

Prevalence of Elevated Alanine Aminotransferase Among US Adolescents and Associated Factors: NHANES 1999–2004

Contribution of metabolic factors to alanine aminotransferase activity in persons with other causes of liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), an increasingly prevalent paediatric disorder, is diagnosed and managed not only by both pediatric gastroenterologists/hepatologists but also frequently by the general pediatrician. This article updates recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approach, which may be applied to everyday practice. Diagnosis of NAFLD takes into account the risk factor profile and is a diagnosis of exclusion. Techniques such as transient elastography and specific biomarkers aimed at improving diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD need further validation in the pediatric population. Defining the risk to develop cirrhosis seems to be of primary importance already in childhood and a combination of genetic, clinical, and environmental factors can help in monitoring and making decisions on therapy. Weight reduction therapy should be the aim of treatment approach, but the compliance is poor and pharmacological treatment would be helpful; docosahexaenoic acid, some probiotics, and vitamin E are to be considered, but evidence is not sufficient to recommend widespread use.