Study the Obstacles of Establishment of Article 38 of the Law on Civil Services Management

Background: The Internet of Things (IOT) plays an important role in health care applications and is a system of interoperating computing devices, mechanical and digital machines. Methods: This descriptive study was carried out in 2017 using a pre-designed questionnaire, using Brender and Richards Heeks information system. It contains managerial, cultural, functional, technical, organizational, political and human factors relating to smart hospital based on internet of things. The questionnaire was completed by all 230 physicians working at university hospitals. Validity of the questionnaire was determined using content validity and its reliability was determined by test-retest method with 95% correlation coefficient. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software, using descriptive statistics as well as t-test and analysis of variance. Results: In this study, 149 (79.5%) males and 38 (20.5%) females participated. Based on the physicians’ viewpoints, percentage of agreement for managerial, cultural and organizational factors in creating a smart hospital was higher than other studied factors. Moreover, the viewpoint of male and female physicians on managerial, functional, organizational and human factors in implementing a smart hospital was significantly different. Conclusions: It seems that the management, organizational, and cultural factors are the most important factors in the implementation of smart hospital in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. It is necessary for planners and system owners to pay more attention to these factors.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the cultural, social and political factors that can influence the mergers and acquisition (M&As) decision. Our study analyze if the investors perception towards investment in an economy can be influenced by these factors. The results show that social factors like public spending with health, literacy rate or people skills and abilities, cultural factors like the perception of the bureaucracy and new businesses or political factors like tax rates and democratic development are key determinants of M&As decision. These factors can be also explained in terms of investors' behaviour in making new investments in a specific economy.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of agricultural environment, organisational, educational, economic, social, technical, cultural, and legal factors on the capacity building of extension experts in the development of climate smart agriculture. The research is applied in terms of its objective and descriptive survey in terms of its method. The results showed that infrastructural factors had the highest impact on climate-smart agriculture with 22%, followed by organisational factors with 21%, social factors with almost 17%, cultural factors with 16.5%, educational factors with 13%, legal factors with nearly 13%, technical factors with 11.4%, and, finally, economic factors with just over 10%. Overall, the factors under study explain more than 68% of the variance in climate-smart agriculture (R2 = 0.687), indicating the impact of the aforementioned factors on the development of climate-smart agriculture. Also, the design of this model made the promoters, by identifying and increasing the potential and capacities of themselves, villagers, and farmers, to be able to adapt themselves to climate change and drought and, by increasing resilience and adaptability, to have positive effects for the development of sustainable agriculture. Along with increasing the product, it will increase the income and reduce the costs for them.

Factors contributing to low participation in mammography screening in Papua New Guinea

This study aims to examine the impact of Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal (PESTEL) factors on event businesses in Malaysia. Using qualitative interpretive methods and data from in-depth interviews with 15 event managers, the study identified several external factors affecting event operations. The results show that political factors such as government policies, small business funding grants, and global trade agreements or restrictions can significantly impact event businesses. Economic factors such as exchange rates, labor costs, globalization, and economic growth or decline can also affect operations, while social factors such as consumer trends, tastes, buying habits, lifestyle factors, and population demographics can also play a role. Technological factors, including tools and technological advancements, incentives, and the widespread use of social media, are also identified as important. Moreover, environmental factors such as supply chain management, procurement, future pandemics, ethical sourcing, sustainable resources, weather and climate, risk assessment, multiracial sensitivity, and geographical location are found to impact event businesses as well. Finally, legal factors such as health and safety regulations, employment laws, common laws, and consumer protection laws can also affect event operations. Overall, this study highlights the importance of conducting PESTEL analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of external factors that can impact event businesses. By using this analysis, event managers can develop strategies to mitigate risks and adapt to the changing market conditions. The findings suggest that event managers must remain vigilant in monitoring and responding to political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors to ensure the success of their operations.

Basic and strategic research for infectious disease control at the interface of the life, health and social sciences

Educational services for adherents of indigenous beliefs are a manifestation of the constitutional mandate to guarantee the rights of every citizen. This research aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the implementation of the East Sumba Regent Regulation Number 33 of 2023 concerning Educational Services for Belief in God Almighty in Educational Units, with a case study on Marapu believers. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with key stakeholders such as the Regent of East Sumba, the Head of the Education Office, foundation leaders, and educators, as well as through observation and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using the five-factor policy implementation framework from Khan and Khandeker (2016), which includes rational, management, organizational, bureaucratic, and political factors. The results show that in the rational factor, the policy objectives are clearly defined, but socialization to the grassroots community is still limited. In the management factor, a budget has been allocated, but implementation is constrained by the limited number and qualifications of educators and the inadequacy of Marapu-specific teaching modules. The organizational factor indicates strong leadership from the regional head and high motivation from various parties, but teamwork in the field needs to be optimized. The bureaucratic factor shows that an implementation structure is in place, but the competence and capacity of implementers at the school level still need improvement. Finally, in the political factor, there is strong political will and minimal inhibiting political pressure after initial dialogues, but harmony among all implementing actors must be continuously maintained. This study concludes that the policy implementation is proceeding with a strong legal and political foundation but faces significant challenges in managerial and technical aspects on the ground. ‎

The dramatic increase in the use of the World Wide Web and the Internet in government may foreshadow important changes in the nature of governance. A number of theorists have posited that the adoption of networked information systems is accompanied by inevitable shifts toward democratic government. Others argue that technologies are secondary factors in changes in levels of democracy or types of governance. Our article examines the openness of cabinet-level websites in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and post-communist countries as a measure of an important aspect of governance that has only recently been operationalized. It provides a brief review of other studies in this field and the directions in which they are heading. The article analyzes the effects of political, cultural, economic, and technical factors on openness of cabinet-level websites in OECD and post-communist countries. The question is whether the level of democracy and cultural legacies affect openness of electronic governments. The study employs statistical analysis of a comparative database of national-level public agency websites that is produced by the Cyberspace Policy Research Group (CyPRG). The dependent variable is based on transparency and interactivity scores and availability of cabinet-level websites. The independent variables include Freedom House and Polity indexes of democracy, historical legacy, religious tradition, and the GDP per capita and number of Internet users per 1,000 people. Regression analysis shows that democracy, historical legacies, level of economic development, and religious tradition affect openness of cabinet-level websites in OECD and post-communist countries. This study demonstrates need to distinguish between cyberdemocracy and “Potemkin e-villages,” that is, window-dressing, in electronic governments.

In the implementation of building construction projects in Aceh Province, faced with problems related to delays. The delay in the project has been a major contribution to the swelling of project costs. This study aims to identify the dominant time risk factors that occur during the implementation of building construction projects, as well as to analyze the relationship and influence between time risk factors to the cost of building construction projects in Aceh Province. This study uses qualitative methods through interviews and quantitative through the distribution of questionnaires. Resource persons and respondents addressed to the project manager of building contractor company with sub-field BG004 starting from qualification M1, M2, and B1. Based on the data of Construction Services Procurement Service (LPJK) Year 2017 the number of contractor companies obtained as many as 215 companies, using Slovin formula then the research sample obtained as many as 68 companies. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. Data processing methods consist of validity test, and reliability, while data analysis consists of descriptive analysis, simple correlation and multiple linear regression through Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 22 software. The results show that the dominant time risk factors that occur during implementation the building construction project in Aceh Province is a financial factor with a mean of 4.592. Equipment, environmental, labor, implementation, management, and political factors have a low correlation with Spearman coefficients of 0.224, 0.261, 0.274, 0.270, 0.366, and 0.228, while material, financial, criminal and project manager factors have a strong relationship low with Spearman coefficient of 0.199, 0.128, 0.042 and 0.148 to the cost of implementing the building construction project in Aceh Province. The effect of time risk factors on the cost of building construction projects in Aceh Province, which has significant effect is the material, equipment, finance, environment, labor, implementation, management, political, and project manager factors with tcount greater than ttable and significance value lower than 0.05.

To Analyze the Effective Factors of Using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Payam Noor University

The increasing consumption of energy and the numerous obstacles in the way of its extraction, including diminishing fossil fuels and the turn towards renewable energies, environmental changes, a tendency towards systems of information networks, rising costs of energy and advancement of technology have made the need for new technologies aimed at efficient management of energy more imminent. The Internet of Energy (IoE) technology has been recognized as a novel and efficient strategy that provides the necessary tools for optimal energy management. The present study was carried out with the purpose of identifying key components in implementation of IoE in Iran. This study is practical in its goal and descriptive-explorative in its methodology. First, the data were categorized using the qualitative method of meta-synthesis and using the Sandelowski and Barroso method. The statistical population of the study was the scholarly finding of 2010–2021 and 55 papers were sampled from the published works. The kappa coefficient was used to determine reliability and quality control. The kappa coefficient calculated with SPSS equals 0.87, which falls in the “excellent” category. Second, the frequency and importance of each component was determined using the Shannon entropy technique. The purpose of this method is to measure the weight or importance of each component based on frequency and to identify the key components. Third, the MICMAC structural analysis method was used to evaluate the influence/dependence of components by eight experts in the field of energy and determine strategic components. The purpose of this step is to compare the results with the results of the second step of the research. The results show that 82 indicators play a role in implementation of the concept of IoE; these indicators can be divided into ten axial categories of rules and regulations, individual and human factors, funding, technological infrastructure, cultural and social factors, security factors, technological factors, knowledge factors, learning style, and management factors. In the Shannon entropy method, technological infrastructure, management factors, and rules and regulations are the most significant, respectively. In MICMAC structural analysis, the components of managerial factors, technological infrastructure, and financing have the largest share in influence and dependence, respectively. Conclusion: The two components of management factors and technological infrastructure can be considered as key and strategic components in implementation of IoE in Iran.

PurposeMost electronic market (e‐markets)‐based research that has been undertaken has primarily focused on the design and development of systems to support electronic trading within national boundaries and it has been implied that conducting business through this medium is beneficial to the organisation. The purpose of this paper is therefore to examine the relative significance of economic, social, political and cultural factors and their interconnections in the transition to global e‐markets.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses an interpretive case study as this facilitates an understanding of how globalisation constructs affect the transition of organisations to the global market environment.FindingsThe case study has found the need for organisations to address a wide range of issues if they are to benefit from participation in global electronic marketplaces (e‐marketplaces). The development of information communication and technologies (ICT) has been viewed as a primary factor in the reduction of transaction costs and one which allows for a greater number of suppliers in electronic markets. A large supplier base is seen as an advantage by some since it improves the bargaining position of the buyer. Dealing closely with a small number of suppliers may reduce transaction costs and risk, but such costs and risks have been significantly reduced by the development of internet based e‐marketplaces where the market absorbs a high proportion of both. In the case study, an organisation moving to the e‐market because of the advantages of significantly reduced transaction costs has been seen.Originality/valueThe literature adoption of global procurement platforms stresses the economic benefits. However, few studies have examined the social, cultural and political factors that are part of the globalisation trend and how these impact on companies trying to make a transition to global procurement strategies. In this paper, it is revealed that the trend toward globalisation fuelled by ICT is affected by a complex array of economic, social, political and cultural factors. The economic benefits of globalisation cannot be fully realised without consideration of the social, political and cultural issues.

The contribution of human factors to accidents in the offshore oil industry

Why Community Based Micro Financing Have Very High Recovery Rates, More Efficient Utilization of the Benefits, and Higher Conversion Tendencies of Beneficiary Into Donors: The Mediatory Role of Social Collateral and Gratitude As Emotional Collateral in Community Organizations of Pakistan

Today, organizations are witnessing a destructive phenomenon called enterprise silence. The refusal of employees to provide their ideas and about organizational issues, ultimately leads to organizational degration and recession. This research intends to identify the factors that affect silence in organizations in order to come up with the best solutions to resolve this problem. This is an applied research which is performed by using field method through distributing 81 questionnaire at the Office of Welfare, Co-operation and Social Services of Tehran Municipality - Iran. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated 0.78 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Wilcoxon and Spearman correlation tests. The results reviled that at the significant level of 0.05, there is a meaningful difference among the organizational silence dimensions and defensive silence with the hypothesized mean. There is no significant difference in submissive and kindred silence. Respectively, there is a correlation with values ​​of 0.634 and 0.356 between managerial and individual factors with defensive silence. Management, organizational and social factors have been effective in silent subjugation and there is solidarity between the social, organizational and individual factors in altruistic silence. Findings show that there is a considerable defensive silence in the population under investigation and management factors have the greatest impact on its occurrence in the organization.