Study the Effect of Water Extracts of Some Plants Against Fungus Macrophomina Phaseolina That Causes Charcoal Rot on Common Beans

Abstract

The objective of this study was to study the effect of water extracts of plants from the local environment on the growth of fungus Macrophomina Phaseolina. Laboratory results showed a positive effect of water extracts in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungus where the percentage of inhibition of extracts (Alknah) Kanahia laniflora, Oleander Nerium, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, (Alsniffh) Argemone mexicana, (Alabb) Withania somnifera, (Alothurb) Rumex nervosus, respectively, 64.07%, 42.96%, 42.58%, 41.86%, 33.48%, and 22.96%. As for the greenhouse experiments results showed an increase in germination percentage and a reduction in the incidence of charcoal rot after 15 days from sowing to treatments of Eucalyptus, Withania somnifera, Argemone mexicana, Kanahia laniflora, and Oleander Nerium, Where the percentage of germination of these treatments were 100%, 96.66%, 96.66%, 96.66%, 93.33%, respectively, and the percentage reduction in the incidence of the same treatments were 0.00%, 3.33%, 3.33%, 3.33%, 6.66%, respectively, compared to the extract of Rumex nervosus and control (untreated seeds) where the infection rates were 43.333% and 25%,respectively. After 45 days from sowing, each plant extract showed positive effects in reducing the incidence of cause charcoal root on the beans. The rate of the reduction in the incidence were 7.67%, 11.67%, 33.33%, 40.00%, 43.33% and 46.67% for the extracts of Kanahia laniflora, Eucalyptus, Oleander Nerium, Argemone mexicana, Rumex nervosus and Withania somnifera, respectively, Compared to the control (non-treated seeds) 76.67%. The results also, showed that the plant extracts had no effect on fresh weight and dry weight of shoot. On the other hand, the results showed that the extract of Rumex nervosus and eucalyptus had positive results in fresh weight gain of the root system by 1.58, 1.36 g., respectively, comparing with 0.71 g. for the control. Rumex nervosus extract showed positive results as an increase in the dry weight of the roots, followed eucalyptus camaldulensis and Nerium oleander 0.21, 0.15, 0.14 g., respectively, comparing with the control 0.11 g. Accordingly, the plant extracts of some plants from the Yemeni environment have the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogens and can be used to control plant diseases to reduce the use of chemical fungicides and reduce the extensive damage to humans and the environment.