STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF ROW SPACING AND NPK ON PERFORMANCE OF MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATA) IN SUNDARBAZAR LAMJUNG

In order to maintain soil fertility, NPK fertilizer applications that have been carried out by farmer need to be combined with non chemical fertilizer such as bokashi. Research on vegetative growth of kale land due to NPK and bokashi fertilizer has been carried out in Bajur Village, West Lombok Regency. The purpose of this research was to detemine: (1) vegetative growth of kale land due to different doses of NPK fertilizer, (2) vegetative growth of kale land due to different doses of bokashi, (3) the effect of interaction of NPK and bokashi fertilizer on growth of kale land, (4) Optimum dose of NPK fertilizer and bokashi for kale land. This research used 2 factors design. The first factor is the dose of NPK fertilizer and the second factors is the dose of bokashi. The growth parameters measured were stem height, leaf length, leaf width and number of kale land leaf. Reseach data analyzed using analysis of variance. The results showed that: (1) NPK fertilizer treatment significantly affected stem height, leaf length and kale leaf width, but have no significant effect on the number of kale land leaves, (2) bokashi aplication significantly affected stem heght, leaf length and kale land leaf width but did not significantly affect the number of kale land leaves, (3) the interaction of NPK fertilizer and bokashi did not significantly affect all growth parameters measured, (4) the optimun dose of bokashi for kale land is 1,2 kg for 8 kg of soil and the optimum dose of NPK fertilizer is 1,5 g per plant. It is recommended that kale land famers use 1,2 kg bokashi for 8 kg of soil and 1,5 g NPK fertilizer per plant.

This research aims to determine the response of oil palm seedling growth in pre-nursery on acid soil to NPK fertilizer doses (15-15-15) and dolomite doses. The research was carried out at Educational and Research Garden of Stiper Agricultural Institute located in Maguwoharjo Village, Depok District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia from January to April 2023. This research used a factorial pattern experimental method which was prepared using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors. The first factor was the dosage of NPK (15-15-15) fertilizer which consists of 0 g ( control) ; 2.5 g; 3 g and 3.5 g. Meanwhile, the second factor was the dose of dolomite fertilizer which consists of 0 g (control); 5 g; 10 g and 15 g. Each treatment was carried out in 5 repetitions. The number of seeds needed for this experiment is 4 x 4 x 5 = 80 seeds. The results showed that there was no signiticant interaction between the dosage of NPK fertilizer (15-15-15) and dolomite on all parameters. The dose of NPK fertilizer has an influence on the dry weight of the roots and the best at a dose of 3.5 g. Dolomite application has an influence on root fresh weight and leaf area with the best dose of 10 g/oil palm seedling in pre-nursery on acid soil.

Biofertilizers contain bacteria that can offset the use of inorganic fertilizers. However, using bacteria as biofertilizers also requires carrier materials such as bran, compost, and Azolla flour to maintain the viability of the bacteria before being transferred to the soil. This study aimed to determine the effect of consortium biofertilizer with different carriers and doses of NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) fertilizer on the growth and yield of upland rice on Inceptisols from Jatinangor. This study used a randomized block design with two factors: the carrier of consortium biofertilizer (compost, rice bran, and Azolla) and the dose of NPK fertilizer (0%, 50%, and 100%). The experimental results showed no interaction between the consortium's biofertilizers with carrier and NPK fertilizer doses on plant height, number of tillers, weight of rice grain, and weight of 100 grains of upland rice plants. The independent factor of biological fertilizer with carrier material significantly affected plant height, and the independent factor of single NPK fertilizer significantly affected plant height, number of tillers, and rice grain weight.

Abstract: Research has been conducted on the application of organic and NPK fertilizer to increase the growth and yield of green eggplant which aims to find out (1) the influence of organic fertilizer on vegetative growth and yield of Green eggplant, (2) the effect of NPK fertilizer on vegetative growth and yield of Green Eggplant, (3) the effect of interaction between organic fertilizer and NPK fertilizer on vegetative growth and yield of Green Eggplant. A Factorial design was used which consisted of 2 factors. The first factor is the dose of organic fertilizer and the second factor is the dose of NPK fertilizer. The treatment of organic fertilizer consists of 4 levels, namely: P0 = without giving organic fertilizer (control), P1 = giving 0.5 kg organic fertilizer /1 m2 land, P2 = giving 1.0 kg organic fertilizer /1 m2 land, P3 = giving 1.5 kg organic fertilizer/1 m2 land. NPK fertilizer consists of 5 levels namely: N0 = without NPK fertilizer (control), N1 = giving 5 gr NPK fertilizer/plant, P2 = giving 10 gr NPK fertilizer/plant, P3 = giving 15 gr NPK fertilizer/plant, P4 = giving 20 gr NPK fertilizer/plant. Growth parameters were stem height and length of green eggplant leaves. Yield parameters were fruit length and green eggplant fruit weight. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer has a significant effect on the growth and yield of green eggplant. The application of NPK fertilizer has a significant effect on the growth and yield of green eggplant. The interaction of organic fertilizer and NPK fertilizer did not significantly affect the growth and yield of green eggplant. Key Words: organic fertilizer; NPK fertilizer; growth and production of green eggplant.

[IMPROVEMENT OF PEANUT GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY IN DRY LAND THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF DOLOMITE AND NPK FERTILIZERS]. Dry land is commonly characterized by low pH and nutrient availability for peanut growth. Therefore, application of dolomite and NPK fertilizer might correct its characteristics. This study aimed to determine the appropriate dose of dolomite and NPK fertilizers to increase growth and productivity of peanut in dry land. This study was carried out from November 2019 to February 2020 at the Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency, Indrapuri Experimental Garden, Aceh Besar, Aceh and used a randomized block design (RBD) with two factors and three replications. The first factor was three dosages of dolomite (i.e., 0, 250, and 500 kg/ha) and the second factor was three levels of NPK fertilizers (i.e., 0 kg/ha Urea+ 0 kg/ha SP36+ 0 kg/ha KCl), 25 kg/ha Urea + 50 kg/ha SP36 + 50 kg/ha KCl, and 50 kg/ha Urea + 100 kg/ha SP36 + 100 kg/ha KCl). The results showed that application of dolomite or NPK fertilizers had a significant effect on peanut yield components. Application of dolomite at 500 kg/ha or NPK fertilizers at 50 kg/ha Urea + 100 kg/ha SP36 + 100 kg/ha KCl increased peanut productivity by 10% and 9.23%, respectively compared to the control.

Bajo starfruit is a wild plant that commonly grows in nickel mining areas and it is known to have the ability to take up Ni metal from the soil, even though its Ni uptake ability is still relatively low. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of the application of citric acid and NPK fertilizer on the ability of Bajo starfruit plant in phytoextraction of Ni from post nickel mining land. Citric acid as a ligand is expected to enhance the availability of Ni in the soil so that Ni uptake by plants increases, while NPK fertilizer is expected to enhance crop biomass production. The treatments tested were combinations of four doses of citric acid (0, 1, 2 and 3 g of citric acid/kg of soil) with two doses of NPK fertilizer (0, and 1.33 g/kg of soil) . Eight treatments were arranged in a factorial randomized block design with four replications. The results showed that the application of NPK fertilizer without citric acid increased the number of leaves and dry weight of plants. After the growth of Bajo starfruit for 25 weeks, the application of 3 g citric acid/kg of soil without application of NPK fertilizer reduced the total soil Ni from 8926 ppm to 2400 ppm i.e.73.11%. Application of 2 g citric acid/kg of soil and 1.33 g NPK fertilizer/kg of soil resulted in Ni uptake by 118.18 mg/plant or increased by 38.61% compared to control. Application of 2 g citric acid/kg of soil without application of NPK fertilizer increased the BCF value of Bajo starfruit for nickel from 0.032 (control) to 0.035. However, treatments without the application of citric acid and fertilizer resulted in a higher TF value (13.9).

This study investigated the effects of intercropping, liming, and NPK fertilizer application on soil pH, available soil phosphorus (P), and total soil nitrogen (N) in potato production system during a two season's field experiment in Molo sub-county, Kenya.A randomized complete block design with a splitsplit plot arrangement of treatments and three replicates was used.Main plot factors were NPK fertilizer levels (0 and 0.2 t ha -1 ).Lime rates (0 and 2 t ha -1 ) formed the sub-plots and cropping system (sole potato and Potato-Dolichos intercrop) the sub-sub plots.Application of lime increased the soil pH by 0.34 over the control.Sole NPK fertilizer application reduced the soil pH by 2% when compared to the control.Combined application of NPK fertilizer with lime increased soil available P by 6.5, 8 and 6 mg kg -1 , and 20.41, 3.91 and 3.58 mg kg -1 in the first and second season over the control, sole lime and sole fertilizer application, respectively.Application of NPK fertilizer under the Potato-Dolichos intercrop increased the total soil N by 0.08% over the control.The study concluded that intercropping, application of lime and NPK fertilizer to mollic Andosols of Molo Kenya is important in increasing soil pH, available P and total N.

Sweet corn has a sturdy and strong stem growth and is very suitable for cultivation in tropical climates. Research on the effect of horse manure compost combined with NPK fertilizer on the growth of sweet corn has been done with the aim of obtaining information: (1) the effect of different doses of horse manure compost on the growth of sweet corn, (2) the effect of different doses of NPK fertilizer on the growth of sweet corn, (3) The interaction effect of horse manure compost and NPK fertilizer on sweet corn vegetative growth. The application of NPK fertilizer was carried out with 4 treatment doses while the application of horse manure compost was carried out with 5 treatment doses. In this study, information was obtained (1) the application of NPK fertilizer increased the growth of sweet corn, (2) the application of horse manure compost increased the growth of sweet corn, (3) There was no increase in growth of sweet corn due to the combination treatment of NPK fertilizer and horse manure compost

Indonesian soybean production can only meet about 30% of national demand. Efforts to increase soybean production include the use of improved seed quality and fertilizer application. The aims of this research were to 1) examine the responses of six genotype soybeans to the application of different doses of NPK fertilizer; 2) determine the seed protein content of the six soybean genotypes following NPK application; 3) determine the interaction between soybean genotypes with NPK doses in affecting growth and yield. This research was conducted under a plastic house at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jenderal Soedirman, Central Java, Indonesia. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications using six soybean varieties and four levels NPK fertilizer. Soybean varieties tested were “L/S: B6-G1” (V1), “L/S:B6-G3” (V2), “L/S:B6-G4” (V3), “Grobogan” (V4), “Burangrang” (V5), and “Argomulyo” (V6). Four levels NPK fertilizer tested were: without fertilizer (N0), 0.6 g per plant (N1) 1.2 g per plant (N2), and 18.g per plant (N3), or 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg.ha-1. “L/S: B6-G1” had the greatest number of seeds per plant (184) following treatment with 300 kg.ha-1 of NPK. The seed protein content increased with the increase doses of NPK. “Argomulyo” treated with NPK at 300 kg.ha-1 had the highest seed protein content (34.5%). Soybean responses to NPK treatment differed with varieties, particularly in the number of fl owers per plant, number of seeds per plant, grain weight per plant and seed protein levels.

The study aims to determine the effect of various doses of NPK fertilizer on the growth of Robusta coffee plant seeds. The study was conducted at the screen house of the Department of Plantation Plant Cultivation at the Pangkep State Polytechnic of Agricultural. The study uses a simple statistical analysis with a Randomized Group Design (RBD) pattern, which is to calculate the mean (average) of each experiment, which consists of 3 levels of treatment, namely: without applying NPK fertilizer (P0), NPK fertilizer application with a dose of 14 grams (P1), application of NPK fertilizer at a dose of 18 grams (P2), and application of NPK fertilizer at a dose of 22 grams (P3). The results showed that NPK fertilizer application had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter of coffee plant seedlings. But visually, the best treatment for plant height is NPK fertilizer with a dose of 18 grams (P2), for the number of leaves is NPK fertilizer with a dose of 22 grams (P3), and for the stem diameter all treatments are the same except for the smallest P1.

Nodule formation plays a pivotal role in legume plants establishing a mutualistic symbiotic relationship that can reduce the need for nitrogen fertilizer application. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of texture, soil pH and plant growth phase on the formation of root nodules of various legume species. This study, conducted in Padang City, West Sumatra. Indonesia, from January to February 2024, employed qualitative tests and observational methods to investigate the impact of soil texture, pH, and plant growth phase on root nodule formation across various legume species. Eight types of legumes served as research subjects including five wild varieties and three domestic types. At each location eight plants were sampled, enclosed in tightly sealed plastic bags with open tops and transported to the laboratory ensuring that soil moisture was maintained at field capacity. Spearman’s Rho correlation analysis established relationships between variables at the 5% significance level. Regression models were examined based on the correlation coefficient of determination (R2). The regression equation displaying the highest correlation coefficient was selected. The formation of root nodules on legume plants' roots is influenced by various soil factors. The shape of the nodule is influenced by the legume leaves' shape. Sandy loam texture produces more nodules than other soil textures. The highest number of nodules is found in the primordial phase of the flower. A soil pH close to 5 produces more nodules than lower or higher soil pH levels. Based on the multiple linear regression equation, it is known that the formation of legume root nodules will increase as root weight and soil pH increase. The formation of effective root nodules will decrease as soil pH increases beyond a certain level. In general, the number of root nodules and effective root nodules are directly proportional to soil texture. Sandy clay soil is conducive to higher nodule formation, followed by clay texture and silt loam clay. The effectiveness of nodules was nearly consistent across each soil texture but reached its peak in clay-textured soil. Sandy-textured soil produces legume plants with the highest nodule formation compared to clay soil and exhibits high levels of organic matter. Generally, sandy soil has the potential for up to twice the nodule formation compared to clay soil and six times more than organic soil. It has been demonstrated that sandy soil possesses a higher macro-pore content than clay soil. However, organic soil also has high macro-pore content, along with optimal macro pores. Despite the presence of abundant organic matter, organic soil is not capable of producing more nodules than sandy or clay-textured soil.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of applying manure and NPK fertilizer with the use of optimal fertilizer doses on odot grass. The materials used in this study were 720 stems of grass cuttings, 270 kg of manure, 2.5 kg of NPK fertilizer. The method used is factorial pattern experiments with random group designs. The first factor is manure consisting of K0 fertilizer: 0 kg / 5m2 fertilizer, K1 fertilizer: 7.5 kg / 5m2 fertilizer, K2 fertilizer: 15 kg / 5m2 fertilizer and the second factor is NPK (M) fertilizer consisting of M0 fertilizer: NPK 0 g / 5m2, M1: NPK Fertilizer 37.5 g / 5m2, M2: NPK Fertilizer 75 g / 5m2 and M3: NPK Fertilizer 112.5 g / 5m2. The measured variable is the Fresh Production and the Ratio of Leaves and Stems from the third Denudation. The average value of fresh production results obtained in each treatment up and down K0M0 = 6.71 ± 0.112. K0M1 = 6.87 ± 0.104, K0M2 = 6.82 ± 0.042, K0M3 = 8.55 ± 0.192, K1M0 = 7.33 ± 0.440, K1M1 = 7.69 ± 0.421, K1M2 = 7.91 ± 0.170, K1M3 = 7.33 9.94 ± 1.30, K2M0 = 9.35 ± 0.280, K2M1 = 8.20 ± 0.410, K2M2 = 10.46 ± 0.142, K2M3 = 11.21 ± 0.205. The average value of the ratio of stem leaves. K0M0 = 3.65 ± 0.12. K0M1 = 3.85 ± 0.293, K0M2 = 4.22 ± 0.083, K0M3 = 4.60 ± 0.049, K1M0 = 3.63 ± 0.255, K1M1 = 4.75 ± 0.202, K1M2 = 5.27 ± 0.194, K1M3 = 0.63 5.43 ± 0.140, K2M0 = 5.67 ± 0.075, K2M1 = 5.64 ± 0.110, K2M2 = 5.54 ± 0.081, K2M3 = 7.11 ± 0.278 Results of the analysis of variance showed that the application of manure was significant (P<0,01) and NPK fertilizer application were also significant (P<0.05) in Fresh Production. The application of manure to the leaf stem ratio was also significant (P<0.05) and the application of NPK fertilizer was also significant (P<0.01). Results The interaction between manure and NPK has a very significant influence on fresh production and leaf stem ratio. The higher dose of manure and NPK will increase the fresh production and ratio of stem leaves Keywords: Fresh production, leaf leaf ratio, odot grass, manure, NPK

The experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Research Centre of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, during April to September 2013to investigate the effects of boron, zinc, and NPK on the yield and quality of okra seed subjected to improve the micronutrient management practices on quality seed production. There were four levels of boron and zinc (0 kg B + 0 kg Zn/ha, 1.5 kg B + 2.0 kg Zn/ha, 2.0 kg B + 4.0 kg Zn/h and 2.5 kg B + 6.0 kg Zn/ha) and three levels of NPK fertilizers (50% less than the recommended dose of NPK, recommended dose of NPK and 50% more than the recommended dose of NPK). Different selected levels of boron and zinc application separately and in combination with NPK fertilizers influenced the yield and quality of okra seed. Application of 2 kg B/ha and 4 kg Zn/ha in combination with the recommended dose of NPK fertilizers demonstrated the highest seed yield (2.69 t/ha), seed germination (97.00%), seedling vigour index (2845.01) and seed protein content (19.89%) whereas the lowest seed yield (1.93 t/ha.), seed germination (78.50%), seedling vigour index (1953.86) and seed protein content (16.30%) were found from 0 kg B/ha and 0 kg Zn/ha with 50% less than the recommended dose of NPK application. Maximum yield and good quality of okra seed can be obtained from the application of 2 kg B and 4 kg Zn/ha, in combination with the recommended dose of NPK fertilizers.

This study aims to determine the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and NPK fertilizers on the growth of pepper (Piper nigrum L.) seedlings. The study was conducted from December 2017 to February 2018 in the form of a two-factor factorial randomized block design (RBD) trial. The first factor was the inoculation of mycorrhizae fungi which consisted of four levels, namely control or without mycorrhizae, 10 g plant−1, 15 g plant−1, and 20 g plant−1 of the mycorrhizae. The second factor is the application of NPK fertilizer with three levels, namely without NPK fertilizer, NPK fertilizer 1 g plant−1, NPK fertilizer 1.5 g plant−1, NPK fertilizer 2 g plant−1. The results of this study indicate that the application of 20 g of mycorrhizae per plant resulted in better growth of pepper seedlings indicated by the parameters of root volume (1.83 mL). The application of NPK fertilizer 1.5 g per plant resulted in highest plant height (3.32 cm). There was no interaction between mycorrhizal fungi treatment and NPK fertilizer in affecting the growth of pepper seedlings.

Macronutrients regulate each aspect of plant function, including metabolism, resource allocation, growth, and development. Zinc (Zn) is a vital micronutrient essential for optimal growth and enhanced quality of potatoes. A field trial was performed to study the impacts of different levels of NPK and Zn fertilization on potato farming. Various levels of NPK (low, medium, and high) with the ratio of 2:1:3, and different levels of Zn were applied (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg ha−1) in soil. The findings revealed that different doses of NPK and Zn fertilizers not only affect growth patterns and yields but also augment potato quality by modulating reducing sugars by 40.95%, starch content by 79.29%, sucrose enzyme activity by 42.19%, glutamine synthetase by 82.10%, and sucrose phosphate synthase by 45.47% compared to no use of Zn and low levels of NPK. It was evident that all quality and production indices improved at low to medium NPK fertilization levels, thereafter decreasing at increased NPK and Zn fertilization levels. In contrast, the phosphorous contents in the tuber and soil showed antagonistic effect with the increasing rate of Zn in the soil rhizosphere. The concentration and absorption of Zn and NPK in the soil–plant continuum were particularly influenced by the experimental treatments. Additionally, a significantly strong correlation between the balanced use of fertilization with tuber carbohydrate and protein was identified. Therefore, it is recommended that a combined use of synthetic fertilizers (NPK) and Zn, with a dosage of 150–75–225 kg ha−1 (NPK) + 30 kg ha−1 of Zn, be applied to potato crops in order to achieve optimal growth and maximize crop yield.