Abstract
Effect of water-soluble chitosan (WSC) on green mould disease caused by Penicillium digitatum P4 was investigated in vitro and in vivo . Results of the experiments showed that P. digitatum P4 growth was much inhibited by WSC and inhibitory effect increased as WSC concentration increased. In vitro test results indicated that complete inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth were observed in the medium containing 1 mg/ml WSC. In the in vivo study, WSC treatments significantly reduced disease incidence and lesion diameter of green mould disease on orange fruits. After 8 days of inoculation, the lesion diameter of orange fruits coated by 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% WSC were 5.49 cm, 5.01 cm, 3.22 cm and 1.87 cm, respectively, which smaller than that of control fruits. Biochemical experiments demonstrated that the activities of the main defense-related enzymes in flavedo tissue including chitinase and Beta-1,3-glucanase were enhanced by both P. digitatum P4 infection treatment and challenged with P. digitatum P4 and treated with WSC treatment. However, these enzymes of samples inoculated with P. digitatum only were lower than samples inoculated with P. digitatum P4 and treated with 2% WSC concentration. These findings suggest that the in vitro and in vivo effects of WSC on controlling green mould disease may be associated with direct antifungal activities and the elicitation of biochemical defense responses in fruit.
Highlights
Citrus (Citrus sinesis L.) is consumed as fresh fruit and juice and is widely appreciated for its nutritional value and excellent taste
Effect of water-soluble chitosan (WSC) on green mould disease caused by Penicillium digitatum P4 was investigated in vitro and in vivo
Results of the experiments showed that P. digitatum P4 growth was much inhibited by WSC and inhibitory effect increased as WSC concentration increased
Summary
Citrus (Citrus sinesis L.) is consumed as fresh fruit and juice and is widely appreciated for its nutritional value and excellent taste. It is one of the most commonly produced and traded fruit crops in the world (Korsten & Taverner, 2012). Vietnam is one of the world’s largest orange producers, ranked 20th in 2012 (Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics, 2012) and famous for many delicious orange species. P. digitatum is considered as one of the most important post-harvest diseases of citrus fruit (Naqvi, 2004; Korsten & Taverner, 2012). Synthetic fungicides have been the main method of citrus post-harvest disease control. The great advantages they have brought to agricultural development, the increasing public concerns regarding health hazards and environmental pollution from chemical residues and the proliferation of resistant strains of pathogens have necessitated the intensive search for alternative strategies for the control of postharvest pathogens (Narayanasamy, 2006)
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