Abstract
Wild herbs (Origanum (OR) and Lavandula (LV)) were used as environment-friendly adsorbents in this study. The adsorbents were used for adsorption of Cu and Ba from water. The adsorption of heavy metals onto OR and LV was dependent on particle size, dose, and solution pH. The diameter of adsorbent particles was less than 282.8 nm. The adsorption follows second-order kinetics. Langmuir and Freundlich models have been applied to describe the equilibrium data, and the thermodynamic parameters, the Gibbs free energy, ∆G°, enthalpy, ∆H°, and entropy, ∆S°, have been determined. The positive value of ∆H° suggests that the adsorption of heavy metals by the wild herbs is endothermic. The negative values of ∆G° at all the studied temperatures indicate that the adsorption is a spontaneous process. It can be concluded that OR and LV are promising adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions over a range of concentrations.
Highlights
IntroductionEse metal ions present a significant risk to animals and humans because of their high toxicity at both low and high concentrations in soil and water
For the adsorption study, distilled water was used to prepare various solutions at the desired concentrations from the stock solution. e adsorption experiments were performed in a series of flasks containing 100 mL solutions of metal ions at desired concentration and mass of adsorbent herbs. e mixtures were shaken for 16 h at 120 rpm using a shaker (“Rotaterm” orbital and linear shaker). e mixtures were filtered, and the heavy metals concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry. e effect of adsorbent doses from 0.1 to 2 g on the metal adsorption was studied
The adsorption of Cu and Ba onto OR and LV was investigated with respect to the particle size, dosage of the adsorbent, and pH
Summary
Ese metal ions present a significant risk to animals and humans because of their high toxicity at both low and high concentrations in soil and water. Contaminating materials have become increasingly dangerous with increasing technological development, and need for diverse heavy metals, for example, in ore processing and other modern industries, prompted the organizations concerned with the preservation of the environment to develop restrictions and laws for laboratories and concerning the treatment industrial waste before its release into the environment so that toxic materials do not exceed the allowable limits. Researchers have, devoted efforts to find effective methods for the removal of contaminants from waste, but these processes are often economically expensive; we must find ways to bypass conventional and high-cost advanced adsorption technologies. Plants are one type of alternative material that can be used to remove heavy metal ions from water systems and soil. Heavy metals are structural elements such as lead, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, copper, titanium, cobalt, lithium, aluminum, and mercury and can be in the form of metals or dissolved salts
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