Study of various dietary interventions in patients with hypertension and metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Obesity is an independent risk factor оf cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension (HT). Optimization of CVD control methods is one of the most relevant and urgent problems for Russia. Many studies have shown that body weight correlates with blood pressure, and this relationship is due to complex pathogenetic mechanisms. Therefore, therapeutic approaches in a patient with obesity, metabolic syndrome and HT require consideration of all pathophysiologic changes associated with these diseases. Non-pharmacological treatments such as lifestyle changes including weight loss, following dietary guidelines and increasing physical activity can directly affect of BP levels and improve BP control. A wide range of nutritional interventions are effective in treating obesity and comorbidities, and clinicians must consider all options and provide personalized interventions. The Mediterranean diet, vegetarian diets, DASH-diet, Nordic diet, and low-carbohydrate diets have all been associated with improved metabolic health with or without changes in body weight. Recent evidence reinforce more the role of dietary fiber supplementation to the daily diet in patients with HT and metabolic syndrome, although no evidence of significant benefit has been found. Taking into account national dietary characteristics, we have proposed a study in which we plan to study the effect of the Russian diet with fiber supplementation on metabolic parameters in patients with HT. It is planned to evaluate the effect of diet therapy on indicators of metabolic disorders of intestinal metabolites.