Abstract
Organic pesticides are major sources of soil pollution in agricultural lands. Most of these pesticides are persistent and tend to bio accumulate in humans upon consumption of contaminated plants. In this study, we investigate different natural soil samples that were collected from agricultural lands. The samples revealed the presence of 18 pesticides that belong to four different groups including organochlorines (OCP), organophosphorus (OPP), carbamates (Carb), and pyrethroids (Pyrth). The photocatalytic degradation of the five most abundant pesticides was studied in the presence and absence of 1% TiO2 or ZnO photocatalysts under UV irradiation at a wavelength of 306 nm. The five abundant pesticides were Atrazine (OCP), Chlorpyrifos methyl (OPP), Dimethoate (OPP), Heptachlor (OCP), and Methomyl (Carb). The results showed that photolysis of all pesticides was complete under UV radiation for irradiation times between 64–100 h. However, both photocatalysts enhanced photocatalytic degradation of the pesticides in comparison with photolysis. The pesticides were photocatalytically degraded completely within 20–24 h of irradiation. The TiO2 photocatalyst showed higher activity compared to ZnO. The organochlorine heptachlor, which is very toxic and persistent, was completely degraded within 30 h using TiO2 photocatalyst for the first time in soil. The mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of the pesticides was explained and the effects of different factors on the degradation process in the soil were discussed.
Highlights
Plants are indispensable sources of food for all living things
The investigation of the pesticide residues in the soils of palms and vegetables revealed the presence of 18 pesticide residues
It is important to mention that the banned p,p-DDT organochlorine insecticide and its derivatives p,p-DDE, p,p-DDD were not detected in the soil samples
Summary
Plants are indispensable sources of food for all living things They are the sole producers in the food chains that are consumed by various consumers such as herbivorous animals or directly by humans. It is a substance or mixture of substances used for controlling, preventing, destroying or reducing the number of pests [1]. Pests are one of major problems that agriculture faces They are defined as being any type of organism that is harmful, destructive, or annoying to humans and plants. They can destroy crops and cause diseases to humans, animals, or plants [2]. Plants or animals absorb systemic pesticides [4]
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