Abstract
The purpose of this work is to decrease or eliminate porosities of ETER-VC (Electrothermal Explosion Reaction-Volume Combustion) products with the sintering additives. The Ti–C system has been synthesized for its advantages for refractory, abrasive and structural applications. We attempted to densify TiC by using iron addition; this metal is introduced through a reaction 3TiO3+Al+C. This mixture reacted exothermically (ϪH298 = -1072.7 kJ) and this heat is released according to the Fe addition using the following reaction: 3TiO3+4Al+3C+xFe→3TiC+2Al2O3+xFe. .X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that intermetallic Fe3Al, TiC and Al2O3 are the main phases formed in the reinforced high performance ceramic-matrix composites. The increasing of x wt. % iron decreased the lattice parameter of TiC. Field emission scanning electron microscopy examinations showed that the addition of Fe decreased TiC particle size and changed their growth controlling mechanism. Also, Raman spectroscopy analysis demonstrate that at higher Fe contents, oxygen dissolved in the TiC crystal structure leading to the formation of titanium oxy-carbide with lower lattice parameter and residual un-reacted carbon in the products. The adiabatic temperatures for the reactions containing x wt. % Fe estimated using the thermodynamic data according to Merzhanov criteria. Thus, doping method is finally used to fabricate materials by ETER-VC combustion mode for industrial applications.
Highlights
The particle reinforced metal-matrix composites are a group of materials which can be used in wear and corrosion resistance applications because of their low costs, the ease of fabrication, high stiffness and elastic modulus and isotropic properties [1, 2]
Before experimental investigations, thermodynamic calculations were performed to determine the range that iron can be added to reaction2 (x) and still it will heated.In exothermic reactions, if the conditions are assumed to be adiabatic, the heat liberated from the reaction can increase the final temperature of the wares
According to the experimental criterion of Merzhanov [8, 9], in an exothermic reaction if the calculated adiabatic temperature is higher than 1800 K, it can be volume combustion and the process is (ETER-VC)
Summary
The particle reinforced metal-matrix composites are a group of materials which can be used in wear and corrosion resistance applications because of their low costs, the ease of fabrication, high stiffness and elastic modulus and isotropic properties [1, 2]. Among all ceramic reinforcing particles, titanium carbide (TiC) due to its outstanding properties including high melting point (3250 °C), high hardness (2890–3200 HV), low density(4.93 g/cm3), high elastic modulus (269 GPa), excellent corrosion resistance and good thermodynamic stability with the Fe melt is a proper candidate for fabricating Fe based composites [1,4, 41]. The electrothermal explosion process is a low cost and quick process for the production of different ceramics, ceramic matrix and metal matrix composites [5,6,7,8] This procedure of synthesis is called ETER-VC (Electrothermal Explosion Reaction-Volume Combustion). Zhu and co-workers [18] controlled C/TiO2 molar ratio to fabricate different composites including Al3Ti–Al2O3, Al3Ti– Al2O3–TiC and Al2O3–TiC
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