Abstract
A more comprehensive study than those previously reported in the literature was carried out on the electrochemical reduction of isonicotinic acid (INA) in aqueous solutions over a wide pH range. The experimental results indicate that, in acid media, the reduction of INA is a first-order process involving two reversible electron transfers followed by a protonation step that yields the corresponding isonicotinic hydrated aldehyde, even though the reduction can continue to yield the alcohol after a prior dehydration of the aldehyde. In neutral and basic media the electroreduction process is preceded by a slow chemical protonation reaction. Moreover, the contribution of a second-order step, probably a radical-radical coupling to yield the dimer, in addition to the first-order process must also be considered. A general reduction scheme based on a CECE mechanism complicated with different acid-base and hydration-dehydration equilibria is proposed, and from this, a quantitative explanation for the variation of I L and E 1 2 with the pH is provided.
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