Study of Microorganism on Adjustment of Cation and Anion Level in the Wheat

Abstract

Soil and water salinity are important factors in reducing the growth and yield of many agricultural crops. Wheat is one of the crops which belonged to the Poaceae (Gramineae) family and has been played an important role in human nutrition for thousands of years ago. If we control the growth of this plant under application of biological factors and superabsorbent, in addition to increasing the yield of this crop, we can maintain its quality and sustainable development. This manner is possible by the application of biofertilizers such as phosphate solubilizing bacteria. In terms of production and the area under cultivation, wheat is the most important agricultural product of Iran and has been increasingly attracting more attention. This plant is also economically valuable due to the supplies of the main food of people. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of salinity and the content of sodium in the aerial organ of wheat. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, superabsorbent, and the different levels of salinity on the sodium content in the aerial organs and yield of the wheat plant in the 2012 growing season. This study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with 12 treatments in three replications. The studied treatments were such as 1) control, 2) phosphate solubilizing bacteria, 3) phosphate solubilizing bacteria + 0.5 kg of superabsorbent, and 4) phosphate solubilizing bacteria + 0.25 kg of superabsorbent under the three salinity levels of 1, 6, and 12 dS.m-1 in greenhouse conditions. The used bacteria in this study were the bio-phosphate and superabsorbent bacteria of A200 types. The results showed that salinity stress had significant effects on assessed indices. Also, the results indicated that the sodium content had increased by increasing the salinity levels in pots. On the other hands, the mentioned index was decreased compared with the control treatment by the application of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and superabsorbent treatments.