Abstract
The French Revolution played a big role in spreading the idea that man is equal and free. After the Revolution, France needed a new spirit which could unite the nation under a national identity appropriate to the new political system of France. In fact, it was difficult to achieve the ideal construction of national identity for the unity of the people where a nation is composed of different races and ethnicities as in France. Regardless, France achieved its own national identity through several historical events including the Franco-German War of 1870. What we note is that the national identity of France is not something that was obtained passively by the passing of time, but that there were ideological foundations underneath the identity formation, to which, this paper argues, the historical schools in Germany and France contributed. This paper also demonstrates why there was a need for the construction of national identity in France and examines the ideological foundations of the national identity formation through the ideas of J. Michelet.
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