Abstract
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium sp. parasite. In 2017, malaria has reached 219 million cases. The decline of parasitemia index indicates a lower degree of infection in malaria patients. Goat milk and goat milk yogurt as immunomodulators have the potential to reduce parasitemia index. This study was aimed to determine the effect of goat milk and goat milk yogurt on the index of parasitemia in malaria-infected mice. This research was a true experimental study with a post-test only group design. A total of thirty-five female Balb/c mice was divided into the following groups: a (negative control group), b (malaria), c (malaria, Dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine (DHP) drug), d (malaria, goat milk), e (malaria, goat milk, DHP), f (malaria, goat milk yogurt), and g (malaria, goat milk yogurt, DHP). Inoculation dose of Plasmodium was 107 /0.2 mL. The intervention was studied for 24 days. Parasitemia index data was collected on the seventh day post-inoculation. The dose of goat milk and goat milk yogurt given was 0.5 mL/20 g BW. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis with Mann-Whitney post-hoc test. The results showed a significant decrease in the parasitemia index (p<0.05). The mean parasitemia index in each group were: 0% (a); 13.9% (b); 0.60% (c); 4.68% (d); 3.74% (e); 3.66% (f); 0.82% (g). The group that exhibited effective reduction of parasitemia index were group c and g. Goat milk yogurt (f) was more effective in decreasing the parasitemia index than goat milk (d). Giving goat milk yogurt can be considered an additional therapy for the treatment of malaria.
Highlights
Malaria is a disease caused by a protozoan parasite from the genus Plasmodium (Percário et al, 2012; Khalid et al, 2013; Isah and Ibrahim 2014; Okpe et al, 2016)
This study is aimed to determine the effects of consuming goat milk and goat milk yogurt on the parasitemia index of mice infected with malaria
This research used female Balb/c mice that have been inoculated with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA)
Summary
Malaria is a disease caused by a protozoan parasite from the genus Plasmodium (Percário et al, 2012; Khalid et al, 2013; Isah and Ibrahim 2014; Okpe et al, 2016). Malaria is transmitted by the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito that carries the Plasmodium (Mota et al, 2019; Mala et al, 2016). The type of Plasmodium that is responsible for most cases of malaria in tropical and subtropical regions is Plasmodium falciparum (Emmanuel et al, 2016). Plasmodium infection from malaria will cause oxidative changes and an imbalance of antioxidant mechanisms. (Khalid et al, 2013; Fabbri et al, 2013; Gomes et al, 2015). Malaria infection increases parasitemia index, an indicator of the severity of infection in malaria patients (Tyagi et al, 2017). The use of antioxidants is expected to help reduce oxidative damage and prevent further development of malaria (Gomes et al, 2015)
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