Abstract
Belite-calcium sulfoaluminate (BCSA) cements are special binders obtained from non-Portland clinkers; they have become increasingly more important due to their environmental impact during the manufacturing process compared to Portland cements, such as lower energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The aim of this paper was to assess the possible use of titanogypsum (T) and water potabilization sludge (W) to reduce the amount of natural raw materials (natural gypsum and clay, respectively) used in the production of BCSA cements. Three BCSA clinker generating raw mixes, containing T and/or W, and a reference mix based only on natural materials (limestone, clay, bauxite and natural gypsum) were heated in an electric furnace at temperatures ranging from 1200 to 1350 °C. Quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the burnt products showed high conversion of reactants towards the main hydraulically active BCSA clinkers components (C2S and C4A3$), particularly at temperatures of 1300 and 1350 °C. Isothermal calorimetric measurements, differential thermal–thermogravimetric and XRD analyses as well as porosimetric measurements showed that all BCSA cements, from mixing the clinkers (at optimum temperatures) with commercial anhydrite, exhibited similar hydration behavior.
Highlights
The cement industry consumes huge amounts of natural raw materials and fuels, mainly fossil fuels and pet coke
According to [3], about 0.83 kg of CO2 is released from the production of 1 kg of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC); it is generated from both L thermal decomposition and fuel combustion [4,5]
This paper aimed to investigate the synthesis process and hydration behavior of three laboratory-made Belite-calcium sulfoaluminate (BCSA) cements
Summary
The cement industry consumes huge amounts of natural raw materials and fuels, mainly fossil fuels and pet coke. It is one of the main contributors to climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions, mainly CO2. In 2018, global cement production was about 3.99 billion tonnes, accounting for about. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), a blend of clinker (about 95%) and gypsum, is the most used binder in the world. According to [3], about 0.83 kg of CO2 is released from the production of 1 kg of OPC; it is generated from both L thermal decomposition (about 60% of the total CO2 emissions) and fuel combustion [4,5]
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