Abstract

Abstrak. Provinsi Sumatera Utara merupakan salah satu provinsi yang juga sering terjadi gempa bumi, karena wilayahnya terletak pada pertemuan dua lempeng tektonik yaitu lempeng Indo-Australia dan lempeng Eurasia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perulangan gempa yang terjadi di Provinsi Sumatera Utara berdasarkan dari b-value serta kaitan b-value dengan magnitudo dan frekuensi gempa bumi. Hubungan b-value dengan magnitudo dan frekuensi gempa bumi dianalisis dengan metode likelihood. Data gempa bumi diambil dari website USGS, yaitu data dari tahun 1926-2023 yang berjumlah 4242 kejadian gempa bumi dengan menggunakan software Z-map. Data tersebut dilakukan cluster sehingga jumlah data menjadi 3033 data dengan magnitudo 3,0 sampai magnitudo 8,0 dan kedalaman 0-300 km pada koordinat episenter 1º- 4º LU dan 95º-105º BT. Berdasarkan data-data tersebut didapatkan b-value = 0,0939+/-0,02 dan a-value = 7,55, a-value (annual) = 5,56 serta nilai Magnitude of Completeness = 4,45 dapat menggambarkan tingkat stress yang sedang terjadi, b-value merupakan nilai yang menunjukkan tingkat kerapuhan suatu batuan. Dari data yang dihasilkan pada daerah Sumatera Utara, gempa yang sering terjadi adalah pada magnitudo 5,0 dan magnitudo 6,0 yang hampir meliputi semua daerah Sumatera Utara. Semakin tinggi nilai b pada suatu wilayah, maka akan semakin tua dan rapuh batuannya sehingga aktivitas seismik di wilayah tersebut juga akan semakin besar. Nilai b yang rendah itu merupakan daerah yang memiliki tingkat stress yang tinggi yang artinya wilayah tersebut memiliki peluang yang tinggi untuk terjadinya gempa-gempa besar. Abstract. North Sumatra Province is one of the provinces where earthquakes often occur because the region is located at the meeting point of two tectonic plates, namely the Indo-Australian plate and the Eurasian plate. This research aims to determine the recurrence of earthquakes that occur in North Sumatra Province based on the b-value and the relationship between the b-value and the magnitude and frequency of earthquakes. The relationship between b-value and earthquake magnitude and frequency was analyzed using the likelihood method. Earthquake data was taken from the USGS website, namely data from 1926-2023, totaling 4242 earthquake events using Z-map software. The data was clustered so that the total data became 3033 data with a magnitude of 3.0 to 8.0 magnitude and a depth of 0-300 km at epicenter coordinates 1º-4º N and 95º-105º E. Based on these data, b-value = 0.0939 +/- 0.02 and a-value = 7.55, a-value (annual) = 5.56 and Magnitude of Completeness = 4.45 can describe the level of stress that is occurring, b-value is a value that shows the level of brittleness of a rock. From the data produced in the North Sumatra area, the earthquakes that frequently occur are at magnitude 5.0 and magnitude 6.0 which almost covers all areas of North Sumatra. The higher the b value in an area, the older and brittle the rocks will be, so the seismic activity in that area will also be greater. A low b value indicates an area that has a high stress level, which means the area has a high chance of large earthquakes occurring.

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