Study of π Halogen Bonds in Complexes C2H4-nFn−ClF (n = 0−2)

Abstract

The pi-halogen bond may be considered, in a broad sense, essentially a pi-hydrogen bond. Using the counterpoise-corrected potential energy surface method (interaction energy optimization), the stationary structures of the C2H(4-n)Fn-ClF (n = 0-2) complexes with all real frequencies have been obtained at the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level. For C2H(4-n)Fn-ClF (n = 0-2), the pi-halogen bond has a long distance and is elongated by the F substituent effect. The pi-halogen bond length order is 2.661 A for C2H4-ClF < 2.745 A for C2H3F-ClF < 2.766 A for g-C2H2F2-ClF < 2.8076 A for trans-C2H2F2-ClF < 2.8079 A for cis-C2H2F2-ClF. For three complexes C2H3F-ClF, g-C2H2F2-ClF, and cis-C2H2F2-ClF, the pi-halogen bonds are further shifted and sloped by the F substituent effect. The F substituent effect reduces also the interaction energy of the pi-halogen bond. The interaction energies are respectively -3.7 for C2H4-ClF, -2.8 for C2H3F-ClF, -2.3 for g-C2H2F2-ClF, -1.9 for cis-C2H2F2-ClF, and -1.8 kcal/mol for trans-C2H2F2-ClF, at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ level. The electron correlation contribution of the interaction energy is large for C2H(4-n)Fn-ClF (n = 0-2), which shows that the stabilities of the pi-halogen bond systems results primarily from the dispersion interaction. In the double F substituent systems, the interaction energy of the pi-halogen bond structure with a longer interaction distance is larger than that of the corresponding pi-hydrogen bond structure with a shorter interaction distance. This may be because there are the large electron correlation contributions of the interaction energy, and a secondary interaction between lone pairs of Cl atom and some atoms (H, C) with positive charges in the pi-halogen bond structure.