Abstract
Gas flow and flame structures surrounding a combusting ethanol droplet are studied by numerical simulation. The instantaneous flow and flame structures under different inlet velocities, droplet sizes and gas temperatures are presented. The instantaneous results show the complex vortex shedding pattern surrounding the droplet. The flame structures show three combustion regimes-fully enveloped, partially enveloped and wake flames, similar to previous experimental results obtained by Zhou about 50 years ago and by recent PLIF measurements. The size and range of large vortex structures of the gas flow passing a combusting droplet are different from those of isothermal turbulent gas flows passing a single particle. The statistical results show that the drag coefficient of a combusting droplet is much smaller than that of a non-combusting particle. The obtained local evaporation rate and flame front radius as functions of the azimuthal angle are compared with those given by Zhou's analytical results and the classical stagnant-film theory.
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