Abstract
Three experiments are described which involve the masking of a visual test stimulus by a subsequent stimulus, employing overlapping flash stimuli (the Crawford effect). The effect does not depend on the hue of the masking stimulus; it may be produced by the offset rather than the onset of the masking stimulus; it is increased by decreasing the size of the test stimulus; and, the backward masking effect closely resembles the phenomenon of apparent simultaneity. In all cases, a wide range of inter-stimulus intervals (e.g., 40 msec) covered the transition between masking and no masking. The obtained masking and simultaneity functions, based on forced-response detection procedures, were interpreted in terms of a two-factor model, involving perceptual latency differences and the quantization of psychological time; the predictions of this model in general were supported.
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