Studies of the influence of the operational characteristics of an inductive energy transfer module on the charging mode of an implantable battery

For the conventional method of direct transfer of energy between a storage inductor and an uncoupled load inductor, the maximum energy which can be transferred to the load inductor is 25% of the initial stored energy. The Meatgrinder, a novel inductive energy storage and transfer circuit, has been shown to approach 100% energy transfer efficiency. A low-current-level experiment has been performed which has verified the predicted behavior of the inductive transfer circuit and demonstrated an energy transfer efficiency of 47.5%. In order to address the issue of the circuit operation at a higher current level, a second experiment was conducted. The peak current reached was 3.9 kA and the results verified that the current multiplication and energy transfer of the circuit does scale with current.

Conductive (wired) charging, where the user has to plug or unplug a cable, dominates the concepts discussed for electric vehicles up to now. Apart from the reduced range of the electric vehicle, frequent charging and especially short charging times make this plugging and unplugging appear impractical. In contrast, inductive (wireless) energy transfer makes it possible to charge without user intervention.This article attempts to answer questions on whether inductive energy transfer can already be used to charge electric vehicles and where this represents an economically attractive solution for users. To do so, first the charging technologies are presented and contrasted. It is also possible to compare the two charging technologies economically based on a cost analysis. It can be shown that no widespread use of the inductive technology is to be expected for the time being from an economic point of view due to its significant extra costs. Under certain conditions, however, there is a limited field of application as a niche technology in certain commercial areas, such as taxis, for example.

Photovoltaic (PV) systems offer a potential solution to the global energy crisis. Modeling study and analysis involving solar PV module is an important task in a PV system to be more user friendly, improve reliability and performance. However, the output characteristics of PV modules are nonlinear, since they are dependent on environmental conditions such as solar irradiance and temperature, as well as local climate conditions such as humidity and wind. The various methods used have some common gaps as the absence of step-by-step procedure which causes difficulties to understand. Indeed, accurate modeling of PV modules is important to provide a better understanding of their operation and output characteristics, since simulations can be used to understand the behavior of PV modules under various operating conditions. The objective of the project is first, to build and model a solar photovoltaic (PV) module algorithm using Matlab/Simulink. Second, to simulate and analyze the behavior of the model in various temperature and irradiance input conditions. Third, to validate the results obtained from the simulations by comparing the output characteristics with the manufacturer’s datasheet. The methodology used by presenting the principles of detailed modeling of PV modules using Matlab/Simulink software. The constructed model is taken from the equations obtained from the equivalent circuit of a single diode model. The PV Module block is a five-parameter model using a light-generated current source (IL), diode, series resistance (Rs), and shunt resistance (Rsh) to represent the irradiance and temperature-dependent I-V and P-V characteristics of the module. This method provides a simple, reliable, and highly flexible method to adapt PV modules to different environmental conditions such as irradiance, temperature and physical parameters of the solar modules such as resistance, current, voltage, ideality factors and others. The simulation results and data obtained show that the block module developed and simulated using Matlab/Simulink with various input values ​​of temperature and irradiance is almost identical to the real PV module and user-friendly.

Work objective - is to develop an experimental setup for evaluation characteristics of inductive transcutaneous energy transfer systems, such as comparative studies of various topological solutions; studies of systems' thermal safety; influence of geometry of a coils couple on the parameters of energy transfer. The system consists of planar spiral coils, device for positioning, receiving and transmitting circuit boards, frequency generator, and National Instruments USB-6361 DAQ. Mathematical apparatus has been developed that makes it possible to obtain self-inductance and the internal equivalent resistance of the coils from the measured voltage drop in the transmitting circuit, as well as the dependence of the mutual inductance on displacements. LabVIEW virtual instrument for automation of measurements is designed. The values of the self-inductances of planar spiral coils and the practical dependences of the mutual inductance of spiral coils on displacements without and with using automation tools were experimentally found. The results corresponds theoretical calculations.

Inductive Contactless Energy Transfer systems (ICET) are becoming commonplace in electrical and electronics equipment. Increased growth of interest in electric vehicles EV and renewable energy sources significantly changed the approach to vehicle. Not only is EV battery pack a vehicle for the drive tank, but it's also power grid's distributed energy storage. To ensure the automation of the flow of energy best fits is inductive contactless power supply system with bi-directional energy flow. These systems are based on inductively coupled resonant circuits and offer many properties that affect the high efficiency energy transfer. The paper presents selected simulation studies of the ICET system with power up to P = 100 kW, in use for electric vehicles.

Chlorin e6-liposome interaction. Investigation by the methods of fluorescence spectroscopy and inductive resonance energy transfer

Inductive Energy Transfer systems (IET) are becoming commonplace in electrical and electronics equipment. Increased growth of interest in electric vehicles EV and renewable energy sources, significantly changed the approach to vehicle. EV battery pack is no longer just a vehicle for the drive tank, but it is also a distributed storage for energy from the power grid. To ensure the automation of the flow of energy best fits is inductive contactless power supply system with bidirectional energy flow. These systems are based on inductively coupled resonant circuits and offer many properties that affect the high efficiency energy transfer. However, to develop a high-performance system for contactless energy transfer, is necessary a suitable transformer. The article presents the 3D modeling, the aim of which is to determine the inductance of the transformer system IET and the coefficient of magnetic coupling between them.

Based on the urgent needs for modularization and miniaturization of the inductive pulsed power supply system, this paper proposes the conceptual design and comparison of 100-kJ inductive storage power modules including four circuit topologies, three of which are proposed in our previous researches. The four circuit topologies are the STRETCH meat grinder, the XRAM with STRETCH meat grinder unit, the XRAM with strongly coupled inductors, and the XRAM with magnetic flux compression effect. The maximum load current of each constructed module is set to be 50 kA and its pulsewidth is at least 5 ms, which are the same as the main electrical properties of an existing 100-kJ capacitive module. A comparative study on energy density among the constructed inductive modules and the existing capacitive module is carried out in depth. Results show that the inductive modules, considering the volume of semiconductor switches and their control circuits, have higher energy density than that of the capacitive module. Among four constructed inductive modules, the XRAM with strongly coupled inductors module has the highest inductive energy density, and the XRAM with magnetic flux compression effect module has relatively better comprehensive performance. This paper offers the theoretical analysis foundation for investigating the inductive pulse power supply with higher energy.

This paper proposes a novel inductive contactless energy transfer system for residential distribution networks. The system is based on a resonant inverter with sliding transformers, allowing high flexibility (the connection point of the loads is movable) and high safety (electrical shocks are avoided). A new resonant topology for driving the sliding transformers is proposed which behaves as an AC high-frequency voltage source. A very interesting feature of this voltage source is that the amplitude of the output voltages is nearly constant and independent of the load consumption. The paper presents a design procedure for calculating the components and parameters of the resonant circuit. The performance of the complete contactless system is evaluated, especially the efficiency and the transient response. The reported results show good performance validating the proposed topology.

This study presents the analysis, design and implementation of a simple and cost‐effective residential inductive contactless energy transfer system with multiple mobile clamps. The topology is based on the cascaded connection of a buck converter and a high‐frequency resonant inverter loaded by several output passive rectifiers. The proposed system includes a sliding transformer to supply the mobile loads, leading to a safe and flexible location of loads. The theoretical analysis and design of the proposed system is based on a mathematical model derived using the first harmonic approximation. Selected experimental results are included to verify the system features. In comparison with conventional topology, the proposed system significantly improves efficiency, complexity and cost.

Inductive contactless energy transfer systems with multiple mobile loads are very complex systems. Main challenges of these systems are to propose a suitable architecture and to design their power components. These challenges are particularly more noticeable in residential areas where various types of consumers (loads) are expected. This paper introduces a new architecture and design guidelines for a high-frequency resonant transformer operating with frequency modulation. The design process includes the effects of 1) the resonant frequency, 2) the magnetizing inductance, and 3) the characteristic impedance. The excellent performance of the designed system is validated by simulation results.

Inductive Energy Transfer systems (IET) are becoming commonplace in electrical and electronics equipment. The increased growth of interest in electric vehicles EV and renewable energy sources, significantly changed the approach to vehicle. EV battery pack is no longer just a vehicle for the drive tank, but it is also a distributed storage for energy from the power grid. To ensure the automation of the flow of energy best fits is inductive contactless power supply system with bidirectional energy flow. These systems are based on inductively coupled resonant circuits and offer many properties that affect the high efficiency energy transfer. However, to develop a high-performance system for contactless energy transfer, is necessary a suitable transformer. The article presents the 3D modeling, the aim of which is to determine the inductance of the transformer system IET and the coefficient of magnetic coupling between them.

Delivering long-range power over great distances is very interesting in the future. For this reason, the Wireless Power transfer (WPT) is a versatile modern technique that can be used by a range of electrical devices. The main objective of this paper is to develop a wireless power transfer system that will provide adequate power to industrial devices. In this research, we are interested in the use of a wireless energy transfer technique based on magnetic resonance inductive coupling. The work is oriented towards the development, design, and optimization of spiral coils in a resonant inductive link wireless energy transfer system, our aim being to obtain an inductive link model that improves performance such as distance between coils, energy transfer efficiency, and an appropriate size of the implanted coil, thus enabling wireless power transfer.

The aim of the presented paper is the study of an optimal integration of Supercapacitor based storage system and Inductive Power Transfer system for the free-catenary operation of a tramway. The paper starts from the definition of the Inductive Power transfer pad system and proposed an optimal integration strategy for the correct size of on-board supercapacitors and the inductive energy transfer.

This paper describes some theoretical and experimental results obtained in an effort to optimize the series resonant converter (SRC) when used with a loosely coupled transformer for inductive coupling power transfer (ICPT). The main goal of this work is to define precisely which mode of operation of the power stage is the most efficient. The results also suggest a way to choose the design criteria for the physical parameters (operation frequency, characteristic impedance, transformer ratio, etc.) to achieve that mode of operation. The analysis involves also the investigation of the separated in two halves pot core ferrite transformer, especially the way it changes its magnetizing and leakage fluxes and hence, inductances. It is shown that for the practical values of the separation distance, the leakage inductance remains almost unchanged. Nevertheless the current distribution between the primary and the secondary windings changes drastically due to the large variation of the magnetizing inductance. The analysis has lead to a set of equations with solutions that show graphically the way to an optimized operation of the converter, i.e. higher primary currents and higher transformer ratios to fit in the desired mode