Abstract
Understanding how the landscape structure affect the interaction between crops, pests and their natural enemies is a complex problem that can significantly impact on the success or failure of insect biological control. Hymenoptera parasitoids are particularly important natural enemies because of their great diversity and effectiveness as agents of biological control. The objective of this research is to study the diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid on some vegetables and rice ecosystem in West Sumatera. Hymenoptera parasitoids were sampled using three trapping techniques (farmcop, insect net and yellow pan trap). Species accumulative curves, Jackknife-1 estimator, and indices of diversity were applied to analyze the data. Results indicated that there were 1522 specimen consist of 22 families and 148 species of Hymenoptera parasitoid on agricultural ecosystem in west Sumatera. Braconidae and Ichneumonidae were dominant Hymenoptera parasitoid family in vegetables ecosystem. Contrast, Mymaridae, Diapriidae, and Eulophidae were dominance of Hymenoptera parasitoid famili in rice ecosystem. Diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid was influenced by the landscape structure. Species richness and diversity were higher in polyculture ecosystem than monoculture.
Highlights
Community Structure of Parasitic Hymenoptera in West Sumatra Landscape
how the landscape structure affect the interaction between crops
a complex problem that can significantly impact on the success or failure of insect biological control
Summary
Hymenoptera parasitoid sangat umum dan berlimpah pada ekosistem teresterial dan kebanyakan spesiesnya berkembang sebagai parasitoid penting berbagai serangga hama tanaman pertanian (LaSalle & Gauld 1993). Sampai saat ini penelitian Hymenoptera parasitoid masih terkonsentrasi pada taksonomi dan biologi parasitoid serangga hama tertentu (outekologi), akan tetapi data tentang keanekaragaman, kelimpahan dan komposisi spesies Hymenoptera parasitoid (sinekologi) yang berhubungan dengan perubahan struktur lanskap sangat terbatas. Kajian keanekaragaman spesies pada skala lanskap dianggap penting karena berpengaruh terhadap peran parasitoid dalam ekosistem yang pada akhirnya dikaji fungsinya untuk menekan serangga hama. Strategi Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) belum ditumpukan pada penggunaan pengendalian hayati secara alami, oleh karena itu informasi tentang keanekaragaman serangga terutama Hymenoptera parasitoid pada struktur lanskap pertanian berbeda merupakan informasi yang sangat diperlukan dalam perencanaan PHT ke depan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh struktur lanskap terhadap komposisi, keanekaragaman, kelimpahan, distribusi dan estimasi kekayaan spesies Hymenoptera parasitoid yang mendiami berbagai ekosistem pertanian di Sumatera Barat dan membandingkan keefektifan beberapa alat yang digunakan untuk koleksi Hymenoptera parasitoid
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