Abstract
Abstract Nanometer-sized materials are solids which may be considered as a dense ensemble of atomic clusters with a diameter of a few nanometers. Depending on whether the individual clusters have a crystalline or a glassy structure, nanocrystalline materials or nanometer-sized glasses are formed. Nanocrystalline materials (NCM) are single or multiphase ploy-crystals, the crystal size of which is in the order of a few (typically 1 to 10) nanometers. These materials are of interest for the following three reasons: i. NCM seem to exhibit an atomic structure which differs from the crystalline state (with long range order) and the glassy state (with short range order). NCM seem to represent a new type of solid state structure. ii. The properties of NCM differ (in some cases by several orders of magnitude) from the properties of glasses and/or crystals with the same chemical composition. iii. NCM seem to permit the alloying of conventionally immiscible components such as metals and ceramics. The resulting alloy...
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