Abstract
Modern requirements in the field of energy and resource saving determines the need to apply effective fencing structures. To ensure the thermal homogeneity of the structures erected with small-piece masonry elements (ceramic and light-weight concrete units etc.), it is necessary to use lightweight mortars. One of the most effective methods to obtain such mortars is the introduction of hollow ceramic microspheres as a filler into their composition. The purpose of this work is studying of the composition and structure of a cement masonry mortar with hollow ceramic microspheres and modifying additives in correlation with its properties. The methods of thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and standard test methods for the masonry mortars were used. The effect of the structural characteristics of the composite on the properties of final product was analyzed. It is established that the microstructure of the modified mortar samples is more compact in compare with basic composition, and the surface of the microspheres is covered by the products of the chemical interaction of its walls with the cement matrix. The aforesaid research allowed to obtain the high-performance lightweight mortars with hollow ceramic microspheres.
Highlights
Nowadays, the problems of developing efficient materials for the construction of low-cost housing, import substitution, expanding the range of domestic building materials are the priorities for the development of the construction industry in the Russian Federation
The average density of the masonry mortar should be close to the average density of the wall material, and the compressive strength should be by 20 ... 25% higher than the strength of the wall material, which is a condition for ensuring the design strength of the building fencing
The introduction of air-entraining additives improves the workability of the mortar mixture, increases the frost resistance of the mortar and reduces its average density
Summary
The problems of developing efficient materials for the construction of low-cost housing, import substitution, expanding the range of domestic building materials are the priorities for the development of the construction industry in the Russian Federation. The complexity of lightweight mortars determines mainly the use of dry mixes for their production. Such mortars (dry mixes) are expensive, in some cases they have only minimal physical-andmechanical and performance properties [3]. Such lightweight masonry mixtures are obtained by introducing lightweight aggregates into their composition – expanded perlite or vermiculite sands, foam glass or expanded polystyrene granules, etc. Such lightweight masonry mixtures are obtained by introducing lightweight aggregates into their composition – expanded perlite or vermiculite sands, foam glass or expanded polystyrene granules, etc. [3,4]
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