Abstract

ABSTRACTIn the late nineteenth century, a new wave of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe came to the anthracite coal region of northeastern Pennsylvania. A form of structural violence existed, and as a result the newcomers were underpaid, underfed, worked in treacherous conditions, and lived in substandard housing. Today, coal extraction in the region is almost non-existent, although many industrial ruins and abandoned homes can be found throughout the landscape. While these ruins can highlight the grandeur of capitalism, a more pressing need is to understand how these ruins are reminders of the long-term exploitation of the working class and the implications of this exploitation for the contemporary community’s general health and well-being.

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