Abstract
The biosorption of pollutants using microbial organisms has received growing interest in the last decades. Diatoms, the most dominant group of phytoplankton in oceans, are (i) pollution tolerant species, (ii) excellent biological indicators of water quality, and (iii) efficient models in assimilation and detoxification of toxic metal ions. Published research articles connecting proteomics with the capacity of diatoms for toxic metal removal are very limited. In this work, we employed a structural based systematic approach to predict and analyze the metalloproteome of six species of marine diatoms: Thalassiosira pseudonana, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Fragilariopsis cylindrus, Thalassiosira oceanica, Fistulifera solaris, and Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata. The results indicate that the metalloproteome constitutes a significant proportion (~13%) of the total diatom proteome for all species investigated, and the proteins binding non-essential metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, As, and Ba) are significantly more than those identified for essential metals (Zn, Cu, Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, Co, and Ni). These findings are most likely related to the well-known toxic metal tolerance of diatoms. In this study, metalloproteomes that may be involved in metabolic processes and in the mechanisms of bioaccumulation and detoxification of toxic metals of diatoms after exposure to toxic metals were identified and described.
Highlights
Anthropogenic activity mainly due to mining, technological activities, and agricultural applications have led to a vast dispersion of toxic metals in natural environments [1,2,3].Toxic metals are introduced into the atmosphere, soil, coastal, and marine environments through a variety of sources, including emissions and wastewater from metal-based industries, improper waste disposal, as well as from household effluents [4,5]
We identified the metalloproteomes for essential (Zn, Cu, Ca, Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni) and non-essential (Cd, Hg, Pb, Ba, Cr, As) metal ions for six marine diatoms species: Fistulifera solaris, Fragilariopsis cylindrus, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Thalassiosira pseudonana, Thalassiosira oceanica, and Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata, by applying a systematic structure-based approach
The results indicate that the metalloproteome constitutes a significant and detoxification of toxic metal of ions
Summary
Anthropogenic activity mainly due to mining, technological activities, and agricultural applications have led to a vast dispersion of toxic metals in natural environments [1,2,3].Toxic metals are introduced into the atmosphere, soil, coastal, and marine environments through a variety of sources, including emissions and wastewater from metal-based industries, improper waste disposal, as well as from household effluents [4,5]. Techniques that utilize biological mechanisms of microorganisms and plants to eradicate hazardous contaminants and restore polluted environments to their original condition are increasingly being used. Thanks to their characteristic enzymes and biological processes such as bioaccumulation, biomineralization, bioabsorption, and biotransformation, these organisms maintain the homeostasis of toxic metals and use them as a source of energy for their growth and development [7,8].
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