Abstract
Offshore Wind has become the most profitable renewable energy source due to the remarkable development it has experienced in Europe over the last decade. In this paper, a review of Structural Health Monitoring Systems (SHMS) for offshore wind turbines (OWT) has been carried out considering the topic as a Statistical Pattern Recognition problem. Therefore, each one of the stages of this paradigm has been reviewed focusing on OWT application. These stages are: Operational Evaluation; Data Acquisition, Normalization and Cleansing; Feature Extraction and Information Condensation; and Statistical Model Development. It is expected that optimizing each stage, SHMS can contribute to the development of efficient Condition-Based Maintenance Strategies. Optimizing this strategy will help reduce labor costs of OWTs׳ inspection, avoid unnecessary maintenance, identify design weaknesses before failure, improve the availability of power production while preventing wind turbines׳ overloading, therefore, maximizing the investments׳ return. In the forthcoming years, a growing interest in SHM technologies for OWT is expected, enhancing the potential of offshore wind farm deployments further offshore. Increasing efficiency in operational management will contribute towards achieving UK׳s 2020 and 2050 targets, through ultimately reducing the Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE).
Highlights
Over the past 15 years, Wind Energy has experienced a remarkable growth in the European Union (EU)
This rapid development is due to the targets set by the EU in 2006 for all Member States [1], and due to the scalability of wind energy with units of larger capacity been deployed in larger farms, further offshore [2]
It is expected that by the assessment of each one of the stages present in this paradigm, Structural Health Monitoring Systems (SHMS) can contribute in the development of an appropriate Condition Based Maintenance Strategy
Summary
Over the past 15 years, Wind Energy has experienced a remarkable growth in the European Union (EU). While in 2000 wind energy contributed 2.4% of the EU's electricity demand, by 2015 this percentage raised to 11.4%, or in absolute numbers, 12.9 GW of installed capacity became 141.6 GW. This rapid development is due to the targets set by the EU in 2006 for all Member States [1], and due to the scalability of wind energy with units of larger capacity been deployed in larger farms, further offshore [2]. Due to the increased deployment of 4–6 MW turbines in 2015, the average Offshore Wind Turbine (OWT) size became 4.2 MW, constituting a 13% increase over 2014
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