Abstract
Riboswitches are structured, 5'-untranslated pieces of a messenger RNA that control whether the downstream transcript gets translated into protein. Recently, a “pH-responsive element” (PRE) riboswitch was uncovered at the alx gene locus in E. coli. At neutral pH, the PRE folds into a translationally inactive structure with an occluded ribosome binding sequence, while at alkaline pH, the PRE adopts a translationally active structure. In this unique riboswitch system, pH governs riboswitch folding by regulating the transcription rate of RNA polymerase (RNAP).
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