Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe chronic mental illness leading to social and occupational dysfunction. Our primary focus in this review article was to analyze further the structural and functional alterations of the temporal lobe in patients with schizophrenia, which might contribute to the associated manifestations we often see in this illness. Our goal was to see if there was any correlation between temporal lobe abnormalities, more specifically, alterations in brain volume and specific symptoms such as auditory and language processing, etc. There is a positive correlation between volume alterations and thoughts disorders in the temporal lobe in the majority of studies. However, superior temporal gyrus volume has also been correlated negatively with the severity of hallucinations and thought disorders in some studies. We utilized Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) search strategy via PubMed database in our articles search yielding 241 papers. After the application of specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, a final number of 30 was reviewed. The involvement of the temporal lobe and its gray and white matter volume alterations in schizophrenia is quite apparent from our research; however, the exact mechanism of the underlying biological process is not thoroughly studied yet. Therefore, further research on larger cohorts combining different imaging modalities including volumetry, diffusion tensor, and functional imaging is required to explain how the progressive brain changes affect the various structural, functional, and metabolic activities of the temporal lobe in schizophrenia.
Highlights
BackgroundSchizophrenia was first considered a discrete mental condition by a German psychiatrist named Dr Emil Kraepelin in 1887
Active transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS) significantly reduced auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) and the negative symptoms relative to sham tDCS (2 sessions/day for 5day). These findings suggest that the reduction of AVH induced by tDCS is associated with a modulation of the resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) within an AVH-related brain network, including brain areas involved in inner speech production and monitoring [48]
There is an association between structural and functional alterations of the temporal lobe with various neuropsychiatric manifestations of schizophrenia
Summary
Schizophrenia was first considered a discrete mental condition by a German psychiatrist named Dr Emil Kraepelin in 1887. ASz children showed significantly decreased gray matter (GM) volume in the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG) as well as increased GM volume in the left superior, middle temporal gyri relative to the TD group (typical developing children) These findings might predict the structural brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia in putatively at-risk, preprodromal children [34]. Another study demonstrated a significant interaction between the group and verbal learning about temporal lobe thickness in relatives of schizophrenic patients, indicating that cortical thickness in the temporal cortex may represent a structural correlate for verbal encoding information in unaffected relatives of individuals with schizophrenia [38].
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