Abstract
Variations in the structural and electrical properties of Bi4Ti3O12 ferroelectric thin films in the Aurivillius family were investigated by substituting Nd3+ for Bi as Bi4-xNdxTi3O12 (x = 0, 0.35, 0.65, and 0.85) using a direct-patternable photochemical metal-organic deposition method. Photoemission spectroscopic and X-ray absorption spectroscopic analyses revealed that as the substitution of Nd3+ for Bi increased until x = 0.65, the orthorhombicity decreased followed by an increase in covalent mixing and centro-symmetry of the Ti-O octahedrons. However, an increase in polarization of the Ti-O octahedron due to Jahn-Teller distortion was observed due to the generation of oxygen vacancies at x = 0.85.
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