Structural analysis of polysaccharides of the genus Angelica and an overview of their biological activity.

Angelica polysaccharide (APS) is a polysaccharide extracted from Angelica sinensis and it is one of the main active components of Angelica sinensis. Many studies have demonstrated that APS can promote the activation and function of a variety of immune cells and is recognized as an immune enhancer, but the regulatory effect of APS on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of APS on MDSC proliferation, differentiation and function through in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vitro, our results showed that APS promoted the proliferation, differentiation and immunosuppressive function of MDSC through STAT1 and STAT3 signaling pathways, and positively correlated with the expression level of Mannose receptor (MR, also known as CD206) and in a concentration-dependent manner on APS. In vivo, APS up-regulated T cells, γδT cells, CD8+T cells, natural killer cells, monocytes/macrophages, and granulocytes in the peripheral blood and spleen of mice to varying degrees and was accompanied by the same degree of increase in the proportion of MDSC. That reminds to the clinician that when applying APS as treatment they should pay attention to its possible side effects of increasing the quantity and function of MDSC, in order to increase its efficacy.

Anti-Apoptotic Effect of Angelica Polysaccharide (APS) on Cryopreservation of Platelets

Angelica Polysaccharides Promotes Thrombopoiesis through the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway.

Angelica Polysaccharide and TPO Have a Protective Effect On Hcmv-Induced Apoptosis In Megakaryocytes

Exploring the potential of plant-derived metal ion binding peptides: Preparation, structure-activity relationship, and biological activities

Comprehensive characterization of Rubus idaeus L. Polysaccharides: Extraction, purification, structural diversity, biological efficacy, and structure-activity relationships.

Background Angelica polysaccharide (AP) is disengaged from the roots of Angelica sinensis. The extensive pathological activities of AP have been discovered in disparate diseases. Nevertheless, the impression of AP in epilepsy (EP) remains unaware. The research attempted to probe the impact of AP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-evoked inflammatory injury in HT22 cells. Methods AP were exploited to stimulate HT22 cells, cell cytotoxicity was monitored by CCK-8 assay. LPS was utilized to administrate HT22 cells to evoke inflammatory injury, meanwhile the involvements of AP in cell proliferation, apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines productions were examined. MicroRNA-10a (miR-10a) inhibitor and its negative control were one by one transfected into HT22 cells, the effect of miR-10a inhibition on LPS- and AP-treated cells was determined. NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 pathways were ultimately detected. Results AP promoted cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis and suppressed IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 productions in LPS-stimulated HT22 cells. Additionally, AP raised miR-10a expression in HT22 cells administration with LPS. These functions of AP in LPS-disposed cells were conversed by miR-10a suppression. Further, AP interdicted NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 pathways via enhancing miR-10a. Conclusions Data corroboarted that AP mitigated LPS-evoked inflammatory injury through repression of NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 pathways by regulating miR-10a in HT22 cells.

This study compared a new type of polysaccharide-coated magnetic nanoparticles (in which the polysaccharide is derived from Angelica sinensis) with the dextran magnetic nanoparticles in terms of preparation, biocompatibility and tissue distribution in vivo and in vitro in order to examine the potential application of Angelica polysaccharide as a novel carrier in magnetic drug targeting (MDT). Magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by chemical co-precipitation. Their physical and chemical properties were determined by using the transmission electron microscope (TEM), laser particle size analyzer (DLS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and their purity and structure by using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The atomic absorption spectrometric method was performed for quantification of the iron content in different tissues. Histological sections were stained by Prussian blue staining to observe the disposition of magnetic nanoparticles in the liver and kidney. The results showed that both kinds of magnetic nanoparticles possessed small particle size, good dispersion and good magnetic properties. XRD showed the main component of the two magnetic nanoparticles was Fe(3)O(4) crystals, and FTIR proved Fe(3)O(4) was successfully coated by each polysaccharide, respectively. In vivo, Fe(3)O(4)-dextran accumulated in the liver, spleen and lung and Fe(3)O(4)-Angelica polysaccharide only in the spleen and lung. It was concluded that Angelica polysaccharide may be applied as a novel carrier in the preparation of magnetic nanoparticles.

Extraction, purification, structural characteristics, biological activities, and applications of polysaccharides from the genus Lilium: A review

RETRACTED: Angelica polysaccharide protects PC-12 cells from lipopolysaccharide-induced injury via down-regulating microRNA-223.

ObjectivesOsteoporosis is a systemic bone metabolic disease, which often occurs among the elderly. Angelica polysaccharide (AP) is the main component of angelica sinensis, and is widely used for treating various diseases. However, the effects of AP on osteoporosis have not been investigated. This study aimed to uncover the functions of AP in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation and osteoblast differentiation.MethodsMSCs were treated with different concentrations of AP, and then cell viability, Cyclin D1 protein level, and the osteogenic markers of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) were examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and western blot assays, respectively. The effect of AP on the main signalling pathways of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and Wnt/β-catenin was determined by western blot. Following this, si-H19#1 and si-H19#2 were transfected into MSCs, and the effects of H19 on cell proliferation and osteoblast differentiation in MSCs were studied. Finally, in vivo experimentation explored bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and the ash weight and dry weight of femoral bone.ResultsThe results revealed that AP significantly promoted cell viability, upregulated cyclin D1 and increased RUNX2, OCN, ALP, and BMP-2 protein levels in MSCs. Moreover, we found that AP notably activated PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathways in MSCs. Additionally, the relative expression level of H19 was upregulated by AP in a dose-dependent manner. The promoting effects of AP on cell proliferation and osteoblast differentiation were reversed by H19 knockdown. Moreover, in vivo experimentation further confirmed the promoting effect of AP on bone formation.ConclusionThese data indicate that AP could promote MSC proliferation and osteoblast differentiation by regulating H19.Cite this article: X. Xie, M. Liu, Q. Meng. Angelica polysaccharide promotes proliferation and osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by regulation of long non-coding RNA H19: An animal study. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:323–332. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.87.BJR-2018-0223.R2.

Polysaccharide is an important natural active ingredient, which has many biological activities such as antioxidation, antitumor and immunomodulation. And it has been widely used in biomedicine and health food. However, the huge molecular weight, complex spatial structure and vague structure-activity relationship of polysaccharide greatly limit the development and utilization of polysaccharide resources. Degradation can achieve structural modification and improve biological activity by reducing molecular weight and affecting its physicochemical properties and spatial conformation. Therefore, degradation may be an effective strategy to produce polysaccharides with excellent biological activity and analyze their structure-activity relationship. In this paper, the degradation methods of polysaccharides and the effects of degradation on their physicochemical properties and biological activities were reviewed. In addition, the development and application of polysaccharide degradation research and the existing problems were summarized and analyzed. This paper provided theoretical basis for polysaccharide degradation, development and utilization and structure-activity relationship research.

Recent research advances in polysaccharides from Undaria pinnatifida: Isolation, structures, bioactivities, and applications

Molecular modification, structural characterization, and biological activity of xylans

Extraction, structure and bioactivities of polysaccharide from root of Arctium lappa L.: A review