Streptosporangium canum sp. nov., isolated from soil

A novel actinomycete strain, designated VRC21(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of Callistemon citrinus collected from Hyderabad, India. The morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain VRC21(T) was consistent with the characteristics of members of the genus Streptosporangium, that is, the formation of sporangia on aerial mycelium, coiled unbranched hyphae within the spore vesicle, the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall, and madurose and galactose as major whole-cell sugars. Diagnostic polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol-mannosides. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H2) and MK-9(H4). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14:0, iso-C16:0, C17:0 10-methyl, C18:1w9c and C18:0 10-methyl. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses revealed that strain VRC21(T) was a member of the genus Streptosporangium. The highest similarity values were observed with S. carneum DSM 44125(T) (98.2%) and S. fragile DSM 43847(T) (98.2%); the values of the remaining type strains were below 98%. The values of DNA-DNA relatedness between the strain VRC21(T) and the type strains of the related species were below 70%. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence, the strain VRC21(T) should be classified as novel species Streptosporangium terrae sp. nov. in the genus Streptosporangium. The type strain is VRC21(T) (=KCTC 29207(T)=MTCC 11724(T)).

A novel actinomycete strain, designated strain KLBMP S0027T, was isolated from a coastal soil collected from the coastal region of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, in east China, and was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that this strain belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to Nocardia harenae WS-26T (98.5 %), Nocardiaasiatica NBRC 100129T (98.5 %), Nocardiaabscessus NBRC 100374T (98.2 %), Nocardia brasiliensis NBRC 14402T (98.2 %) and Nocardiacyriacigeorgica NBRC 100375T (98 %), respectively. The strain showed a combination of chemotaxonomic and morphological properties typical of the genus Nocardia. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (type IV), and whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. Strain KLBMP S0027T contained MK-8(H4ω-cycl) as the predominant menaquinone; C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown glycolipid and two unknown lipids. Mycolic acids were detected. The G+C content of the DNA was 70.5 %. However, a combination of DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic data demonstrated that strain KLBMP S0027T could be clearly distinguished from the type strain of the most closely related species, N. harenae WS-26T. On the basis of the data presented from a polyphasic study, it was evident that this strain should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia jiangsuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KLBMP S0027T (=CGMCC 4.7330T=KCTC 39691T).

An actinomycete strain, DMKUA 205(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve in Nakhonratchasima Province, Thailand. The novel strain produced short chains of non-motile spores on the tips of long sporophores branching from the vegetative hyphae. The morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of this new isolate corresponded to those of members of the genus Herbidospora. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain was closely related to members of the genus Herbidospora. Phenotypic properties and DNA-DNA relatedness values differentiated the new strain from its closest phylogenetic relatives Herbidospora yilanensis 0351M-12(T) (35-54 % DNA-DNA relatedness) and Herbidospora daliensis 0385M-1(T) (58-65 % relatedness). On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain DMKUA 205(T) could be clearly distinguished from the type strains of H. yilanensis and H. daliensis. Therefore, strain DMKUA 205(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Herbidospora sakaeratensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain DMKUA 205(T) ( = BCC 11662(T) = NBRC 102641(T)). In addition, the DNA-DNA hybridization results from this study revealed that Streptosporangium claviforme is a later synonym of Herbidospora cretacea.

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, yellow, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain HQQT, was isolated from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Hebei Province, PR China. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain HQQT is a member of the genus Flavobacterium and is closely related to 'Flavobacterium shanxiense' CCTCC AB 2014079T (94.8 %) and Flavobacterium macrobrachii DSM 22219T (94.7 %). Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain HQQT clustered with Flavobacterium fontis JCM 18212T and Flavobacterium squillarum KCTC 23915T. The polar lipid profile of strain HQQT revealed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, six unknown aminolipids, one unknown glycolipid and one unknown lipid and the only isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The dominant fatty acids of strain HQQT were iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c. The DNA G+C content of strain HQQT is 32 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic data, strain HQQT represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium lutivivi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HQQT ( = CGMCC 1.15347T = KCTC 42935T).

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated YIM A1136T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-western China. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the strain were aerobic, Gram-staining-positive and rod-shaped. Colonies of the strain were circular, convex, opaque and yellowish-white in colour. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain YIM A1136T was most closely related to the type strains Nocardioides ganghwensis JC2055T (98.3 % sequence similarity), Nocardioides exalbidus RC825T (98.2 %), Nocardioides alpinus Cr7-14T (98.2 %), Nocardioides hwasunensis HFW-21T (98.0 %), Nocardioides oleivorans DSM 16090T (97.9 %) and Nocardioides furvisabuli SBS-26T (97.8 %) and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Nocardioides. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain YIM A1136T and related type strains of the genus Nocardioides were less than 70 %. ll-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The whole-cell sugars were galactose, glucose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H4), while the major fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, summed feature 3 and summed feature 8. The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unidentified phospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 71.4 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain YIM A1136T merits representation of a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides cavernae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM A1136T (=KCTC 39551T=DSM 29950T).

Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicates that two distinct sublineages exist within the genus Alcaligenes: the Alcaligenes faecalis lineage, comprising Alcaligenes aquatilis and A. faecalis (with the three subspecies A. faecalis subsp. faecalis, A. faecalis subsp. parafaecalis and A. faecalis subsp. phenolicus), and the Alcaligenes defragrans lineage, comprising A. defragrans. This phylogenetic discrimination is supported by phenotypic and chemotaxonomic differences. It is proposed that the A. defragrans lineage constitutes a distinct genus, for which the name Castellaniella gen. nov. is proposed. The type strain for Castellaniella defragrans gen. nov., comb. nov. is 54PinT (=CCUG 39790T = CIP 105602T = DSM 12141T). Finally, on the basis of data from the literature and new DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic data, the novel species Castellaniella denitrificans sp. nov. (type strain NKNTAUT = DSM 11046T = CCUG 39541T) is proposed for two strains previously identified as strains of A. defragrans.

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-C40T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of rice (Oryza sativa L.) collected from Northeast Agricultural University in Harbin, Heilongjiang province, north-east PR China, and was characterized using a polyphasic approach. On the basis of results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NEAU-C40T belongs to the genus Streptomyces, and shares highest sequence similarities with Streptomyces polygonati CGMCC 4.7237T (97.9%) and Streptomyces abietis DSM 42080T (97.9%). Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the strain also supported its assignment to the genus Streptomyces. Cell walls contained ll-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell hydrolysates were glucose, rhamnose and ribose. The major menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H6). The major fatty acids were iso-C16:0, anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and an unidentified lipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain NEAU-C40T was 71.8 mol%. Moreover, multilocus sequence analysis based on five other housekeeping genes (atp D, gyr B, rpo B, rec A and trp B) and the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness allowed the isolate to be differentiated from its most closely related strains. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain NEAU-C40T can be characterized to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces oryziradicis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-C40T (=DSM 107943T=CCTCC AA 2018038T).

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, red-pink bacterium designated SD6T was isolated from coastal marine water at Sadong Beach, Ulleung Island, South Korea. Cells of SD6T grew at 10-42 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0-7.0) and at 0-8.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-3 %). Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain SD6T was a member of the genus Pontibacter, sharing similarities to Pontibacter aydingkolensis XAAS-1T (98.0 %), Pontibacter amylolyticus 9-2T (97.3 %), Pontibacter korlensis X14-1T (97.2 %) and Pontibacter soli HYL7-26T (96.8 %). The predominant fatty acids of strain SD6T were identified as iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 4 (comprising anteiso-C17 : 1 B and/or iso-C17 : 1 I) and the sole respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7 (menaquinone 7). Major polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phosphoglycolipid, two unidentified glycolipids and one unidentified lipid. The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain SD6T with its closely related strains were 72.8-79.8 % and 19.2-22.6 %, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content was 45.4 mol%. In accordance with the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain SD6T represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacter, for which the name Pontibacter cellulosilyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SD6T (=KACC 21543T=NBRC 114313T=JCM 31022T).

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SYSU K10001T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-western China. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the strain were aerobic and Gram-stain-positive. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10001T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Lentzea, Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.8 % similarity) and Lentzea waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T (98.6 %), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Lentzea. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain SYSU K10001T and related type strains of the genus Lentzea were less than 70 %. In addition, meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The whole-cell sugars were arabinose, fructose, mannose and xylose. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H4), while the major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified lipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10001T was 69.4 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU K10001T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzea cavernae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYSU K10001T (=KCTC 39804T=CGMCC 4.7367T=NBRC 112394T).

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-YG30T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of lettuce collected in Heilongjiang province, north-east China. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NEAU-YG30T belongs to the genus Nonomuraea, and shared highest sequence similarity to Nonomuraea muscovyensis KCTC 29233T (97.9 %) and Nonomuraea indica CCTCC AA 209050T (97.6 %). The major menaquinone was identified as MK-9(H4). The major fatty acids were 10-methyl C17 : 0, C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 2-OH, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain NEAU-YG30T was 70.5 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization values between them were less than 70 %. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain NEAU-YG30T can be characterized to represent a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraealactucae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-YG30T (=JCM 32549T=CGMCC 4.7506T).

A novel cellulase-producing actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-L178T, was isolated from soil sample collected from Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang Province, PR China. A polyphasic study was carried out to determine the taxonomic status of the strain. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NEAU-L178T should be classified into the genus Nonomuraea and is closely related to Nonomuraea cavernae SYSU K10005T (99.31 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nonomuraea glycinis NEAU-BB2C19T (98.75 %), Nonomuraea guangzhouensis NEAU-ZJ3T (98.75 %) and 'Nonomuraea rhizosphaerae' NEAU-mq18T (98.34 %). The digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between them are 27.1, 26.1, 42.0 and 30.9 %, and the whole-genome average nucleotide identity values between them are 83.1, 82.3, 90.3 and 85.8 %, respectively. The whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, ribose, arabinose and madurose. The menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H0), MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H2). The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C17 : 0 10-methyl. The detected polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and three unidentified phospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.7 mol%. In addition, whole-genome analysis indicated that strain NEAU-L178T had the potential to degrade cellulose. Based on the phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain NEAU-L178T can be differentiated from its close phylogenetic relatives and represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea aurantiaca sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-L178T (=JCM 34799T=CGMCC 4.7741T).

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-AAG5T, was isolated from sandy soil collected from Niuwang island in Sanya, Hainan Province, PR China. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain NEAU-AAG5T belongs to the genus Actinomadura and shared highest sequence similarity with Actinomadura macra NBRC 14102T (98.8 %). Strain NEAU-AAG5T grows at 20-40 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 6-10 (optimum, pH 7) and has NaCl tolerance of 0-3 %. The menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H4) (4.2 %), MK-9(H6) (49.2 %) and MK-9(H8) (46.5 %). The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (31.4 %), 10-methyl C18 : 0 (21.3 %) and C18 : 1 ω9c (15.7 %). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannoside, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain NEAU-AAG5T based on whole genome sequences was 72.8 mol%. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization between strain NEAU-AAG5T and its closest phylogenetic neighbour, A. macra NBRC 14102T, resulted in similarity value of 28.0 % (<70 %). Additionally, the average nucleotide identity was 84.2 % for A. macra NBRC 14102T. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain NEAU-AAG5T can be characterized to represent a novel species of the genus Actinomadura, for which the name Actinomadura litoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-AAG5T (=JCM 33456T=CCTCC AA 2019043T).

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated YIM ART13T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, South western China. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the strain were found to aerobic and Gram-stain positive. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain YIM ART13T was found to be closely related to Nocardioides pakistanensis NCCP 1340T (96.1% sequence similarity) and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Nocardioides. In addition, LL-diaminopimelic acid was identified as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan. The whole cell sugars were found to be mannose, galactose, glucose and ribose. The major isoprenoid quinone was identified as MK-8(H4), while the major fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as iso-C16:0, C18:1ω9c and C18:0 10-methyl. The polar lipids were found to contain diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unidentified phospholipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM ART13T was determined from the draft genome sequence to be 70.1mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain YIM ART13T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides speluncae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM ART13T (= KCTC 39593T = DSM 100493T).

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SYSU K10005T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-west China. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the strain were aerobic and Gram-stain-positive. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10005T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Nonomuraea, and shared highest sequence similarity of 98.4 % with Nonomuraea candida HMC10T. DNA-DNA hybridization values between the two strains were less than 70 %. The whole-cell hydrolysates of strain SYSU K10005T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (diagnostic diamino acid), and arabinose, madurose and rhamnose (whole-cell sugars). The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H4), while the major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, an unidentified lipid, two unidentified ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10005T was 64.2 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU K10005T can be characterized to represent a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea cavernae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYSU K10005T (=KCTC 39805T=CGMCC 4.7368T).

Strain KIS2-16(T) was isolated from a soil sample collected from Daecheong Island of Incheon region, South Korea. KIS2-16(T) was Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and mesophilic. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KIS2-16(T) represented a member of the genus Nocardioides, being most closely related to the type strains of species of the genus Nocardioides, Nocardioides maradonensis RP-B30(T) (97.8 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides ultimimeridianus RP-B26(T) (97.0 %). The fatty acid profile of KIS2-16(T) was dominated by C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA), C16 : 0 2-OH and C17 : 0 2-OH. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H4), and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. The peptidoglycan structure was A3γ-type with ll-diaminopimelic acid. The genomic DNA G+C content of KIS2-16(T) was 64.9 mol%. Strain KIS2-16(T) showed DNA-DNA hybridization values of less than 70 % with the closely related species of the genus Nocardioides. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides daecheongensis sp. nov. (type strain KIS2-16(T) = DSM 27136(T) = KACC 17297(T) = NBRC 109597(T)) is proposed.