Strengthening the capacity of officials on Integrated Flood Management Plans into provincial disaster prevention plans in the coastal provinces of Central Vietnam

Climate change and the right to health of people with disabilities

Adolescent Girls, Human Rights and the Expanding Climate Emergency

Climate change is currently a topic of debate that is discussed not only within the physical science community but also by those in policy. Outside of these communities lies the American public, often not seeking out climate change research, but rather ingesting information interpreted by a third party, most likely through a political lens. Given the increased attention to natural disasters, one area of concern is the possible relationship between climate change and natural disasters. An assessment of the public’s opinion on this relationship has seen minimal research and none regarding college students. College students are a unique subset of the populace for their age, media sensitivity, and possible future in policy or research. This study surveyed college students in geography courses at Kent State University regarding their opinion of the effect of climate change on various natural disasters, while given examples of recently occurring natural disasters. The natural disasters included both atmospheric-related and nonatmospheric-related phenomena. The results show similar responses for those natural disasters that are atmospheric related. However, disparities exist between atmospheric-related and nonatmospheric-related natural disasters, illustrating a lack of knowledge between climate change and nonatmospheric natural disasters, especially tsunamis. Finally, females were found more likely to agree with the effect of climate change on natural disasters, while males were more likely to disagree.

Losses from flood disasters are increasing globally due to climate-driven forces and human factors such as migration and land use changes. The risks of such floods involve multiple factors and stakeholders, and frameworks for integrated approaches have attracted a global community of experts. The paper reviews the knowledge base for integrated flood risk management frameworks, including more than twenty bibliometric reviews of their elements. The knowledge base illustrates how integrated strategies for the reduction of flood risk are required at different scales and involve responses ranging from climate and weather studies to the construction of infrastructure, as well as collective action for community resilience. The Integrated Flood Management framework of the Associated Programme on Flood Management of the World Meteorological Organization was developed more than twenty years ago and is explained in some detail, including how it fits within the Integrated Water Resources Management concept that is managed by the Global Water Partnership. The paper reviews the alignment of the two approaches and how they can be used in tandem to reduce flood losses. Success of both integrated management approaches depends on governance and institutional capacity as well as technological advances. The knowledge base for flood risk management indicates how technologies are advancing, while more attention must be paid to social and environmental concerns, as well as government measures to increase participation, awareness, and preparedness. Ultimately, integrated flood management will involve solutions tailored for individual situations, and implementation may be slow, such that perseverance and political commitment will be needed.

The earthquake that struck the Japanese port city of Kobe on January 17, 1995, was the most severe quake ever to strike a modern urban area. It has become the most studied, analyzed, and discussed natural disaster in history. What I propose to add to this dialogue is an economist's overview of what he saw in Kobe 19 months after the event and what he learned during the ensuing 6 months.

There are strong interlinkages between the effects of climate change and natural disasters in Pakistan, food insecurity, and exposure to COVID-19. Areas/groups at risk of one will often be at risk of the others as well, demonstrating the complexities and multifaceted nature of vulnerability, risk, and exposure. In areas exposed to natural disasters, for example, there are likely to be higher levels of food insecurity. Key geographic areas at risk of the combined effects of climate change natural disasters and food insecurity in Pakistan are Balochistan, Sindh, southern Punjab, and parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). With the exception of Balochistan due to its very low population density, these are all also regions at high risk of COVID-19. Key population groups, especially at risk, are the poor and landless, and women. The poor, in particular, lack the capacity to adapt or recover from climate change impacts and natural disasters, face difficulties in accessing adequate food, and often live/work in conditions that promote transmission of COVID-19. This rapid review looks at areas and population groups in Pakistan most exposed to the combined effects of climate change and natural disasters, food insecurity and malnutrition, and COVID-19. The review draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature, including reports by development organisations. While considerable information was found about the diverse effects of climate change and natural disasters on different parts of the country (including down to district level), data on food insecurity was largely only at the provincial level. There are also significant gaps in the evidence base on specific population groups, notably religious minorities.

Climate change and natural disasters have unequivocal impacts on global agricultural production systems thereby its threats hampering food production and security. The current study was undertaken to identify the natural disasters affecting cattle farming along with the strength of the ability of the farmers to tackle cattle against natural disaster and knowledge and feelings on the impact of climate change in the Bangladesh perspective. A total of 719 cattle rearing households were surveyed from selected 14 upazilas of 9 districts. Data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software using descriptive statistics. From the study, it was found that most of the households (95.13%) were farm households depending on agricultural activities. The average herd sizes of indigenous, Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) and crossbred cattle were 3.84, 2.67, and 7.64 respectively. The average number of bull calf/bull in the case of indigenous (2.22) and RCC (2.43) were higher indicating that farmers were mainly reared these genotypes of cattle for fattening purpose and in the case of crossbred the average number of the milch cow was higher (3.04) indicating farmers rearing crossbred cattle mainly for dairy purpose. However, irrespective of areas 52.97% of cattle rearing farmers thought that natural disaster affected their cattle rearing and the highest 62.08% of farmers thought that the cattle rearing affected by flood followed by cyclone (57.83%), heavy rainfall (54.00%), thunderstorm (44.79%), drought (24.07%) and river erosion (9.66%). Moreover, overall 43.71% of cattle farmers and the highest 88.89% cattle farmers in Sylhet district reported that they were unable to tackle cattle against natural disasters. Furthermore, overall 12.95% of cattle farmers found they were ignorant about the climate change issues. The farmers in Bandarban (100.00%), Tangail (66.67%), Jessore (94.87%), and Rajshahi (76.19%) districts were had knowledge and feeling, on the other hand in Kurigram (97.83%) and Mymensingh (45.45%) districts farmers had no knowledge and feeling over climate change issues. Cattle farmers assumed that cattle health (64.22%) and production performance (49.09%) were mostly affected by climate change issues. Climate change effect and increasing weather extremes, directly and indirectly affects cattle rearing, thus impose bigger consequences to the livestock economy, alongside national food security. There has been no direct study conducted on the effects of climate change on cattle rearing in Bangladesh. This study affords to explore the effects of climate change and natural disasters on cattle rearing and provides preliminary guidelines to policymakers and for further research in the Bangladesh perspective.

Climate change is likely to result in increases in the frequency or intensity of extreme weather events including floods. The International Flood Initiative (IFI), initiated in January 2005 by UNESCO and WMO and voluntary partner organizations has promoted an integrated flood management (IFM) to take advantage of floods and use of floodplains while reducing the social, environmental and economic risks. Its secretariat is located in ICHARM. The initiative objective is to support national platforms to practice evidence-based disaster risk reduction through mobilizing scientific and research networks. After its initial decade, the initiative is providing a stepping-stone for the implementation of Sendai Framework by revitalizing its activities aimed at building on the sucess of the past, while addressing existing gaps in integrated flood managemnet strategies comprising of optimal structural and nonstructural measures thereby mainstreaming disaster risk reduction and targeting sustainable development. In this context, a new mechanism try to facilitate monitoring, assessment and capacity building in the Asia Pacific region. The primary outcomes of the mechanism are demand-driven networking and related documentations of best practices for 1) hazard assessment, 2) exposure assessment, 3) vulnerability assessment and coping capacity to identify the gaps, and 4) follow-ups and monitoring of the IFM process.

Case management is one of the social work services that is meaningful in supporting the resolution of difficult personal problems at school, especially for primary school students who are in the process of forming and developing their personalities. The study applied the SERVQUAL model to assess the satisfaction level of primary school teachers with the quality of case management services in social work in the South Central Coast region, Vietnam. Data were collected from 238 primary school teachers in 3 provinces and cities in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam, namely Da Nang, Quang Ngai and Phu Yen. The assessment model includes 5 factors: reliability, responsiveness, service capacity, empathy and service implementation conditions, measured by a 5-level Likert scale. The results showed that the satisfaction level with case management services was quite good (M = 3.78), in which "service capacity" and "empathy" were rated the highest. However, “trust” scored the lowest, reflecting some limitations in implementing commitments. Satisfaction levels differed significantly by locality and area of residence, with urban teachers and teachers in Da Nang and Quang Ngai being more satisfied than those in Phu Yen and rural areas. Correlation analysis showed that “responsiveness” and “trust” were the strongest influencing factors. From there, the study proposed recommendations to improve the quality of case management services in school social work.

<p>Flooding is the number one natural disaster in terms of insured and uninsured losses annually. The development of reliable methods for flood simulation have greatly improved our ability to predict floods thereby reducing damages and loss of life in flood-prone regions. However, there is still a lot of room for improvement and innovation to provide better predictions, especially for flash floods, particularly in urban areas  This is addressed in the present study, the goal of which it is to improve simulation and prediction of flash floods and to develop a spatial decision-making model for implementing flood protection measures. In this regard, different approaches for flood simulation and flood protection should be applied. The proposed methodology links flood hazard modeling, remote sensing and machine learning methods. Combining these physical models and data driven methods will result in a more reliable hybrid model that can be employed for prediction of (flash) floods and event analysis. In order to achieve the research goal of present study we: i) add more functionality to a hydrodynamic model code; ii) complement the latter with data driven methods ;iii) develop a spatial decision-making model framework for defining flood protection measures, iv) validate process-based and data driven methods, and finally v) cross-evaluate Light Detection And Radar (LiDAR) topography with available local super-resolution drone data to assess the ability to incorporate local flood defenses into the models. The most important outcome is the creation of valuable flood maps in areas where it matters - while accounting for effects of land use and climate change. This will serve scientists as well as land and risk management authorities with better actionable flood risk information in locations where people and assets are located and in danger. It also develops innovative methodologies for estimating the changing risk from flash floods based on land use scenarios and climate change projections. Moreover, developing spatial multi-criteria decision making (SMCDM) can help decision makers to determine suitable locations and methods for flood protection measures. These methods will be particularly valuable in the context of solving current challenges of accounting for and mitigating flash floods and the effects of climate change.</p>

Currently, developing the high-quality human resources to meet the socio-economic development requirements of Vietnam in general and Quang Ngai province in particular is a very urgent need, is a very urgent need. This is a both fundamental and long-term issue in order to realize the strong and happy national aspirations. Located in the central key economic region with Dung Quat economic zone whose core is Dung Quat oil refinery, Quang Ngai is developing day by day. Presently, Dung Quat economic zone together with industrial clusters of the province have been creating a huge value of industrial output, especially heavy industry - an important spearhead industry in the process of industrialization, modernization, creating momentum to promote the development of industry and service in the whole region, and play an important role in creating the driving force for the development of the central region. Due to the specific requirements of industries with modern technology, Quang Ngai is required to have highly qualified and skilled human resources. Being well aware of this, Quang Ngai province has paid great attention to the development of high-quality human resources and initially achieved certain achievements over the past time.

Flooding, inundation are two of five kinds of disaster (storming, erosion, drought, saline intrusion) which cause serious impacts on Vietnam. In addition, due to the effects of climate change, unstability and more serious disasters in term of frequency, locations, and intensity. In this problem, central of Vietnam, especially Quang Ngai, are famous examples. This study applys combined approach: remote sensing method for establishing flooding maps and MIKE11 for simulating flood in Tra Khuc river downstream. The research aims to provide scientific and practical basics for projects and sience missions. The data is provided from historical flooding event in Quang Ngai in 2013, the article presents results including (1) Map of flooding in Quang Ngai in 2013 with correlation coefficiency at 0.87; (2) Hydrological and hydrodynamic caribrated parameters for MIKE11 for downstream area; (3) Maps of inundation in 2013 for Tra Khuc downstream; (4) Potential flooding risk maps following climate change and sea level rise scenarios.

Earth is undergoing inevitable changes in its climate due to many natural and man-made activities as the temperatures are rising, freshwater resources are drying up, biodiversity is decreasing and natural disasters are increasing. Women, forming a major portion of the world poor and having less education and resources to manage climate risks, are more vulnerable to adverse effects of climate change as compared to men. Due to many social, cultural and religious norms restricting the mobility of women, women are greatly affected by climate-induced agricultural and biodiversity losses, climate-related wars, natural disasters and migrations. Despite of having close relationship with environment and natural resources, women’s representation in climate decisions is very less and their role is seldom appreciated. The current study sheds light on different scenarios of climate change including agriculture, biodiversity, water, natural disasters, wars, migration, pollution, health and sanitation, education, disempowerment, security, social and psychological effects and human rights in relation to women’s vulnerability to it. It also discusses the mitigation measures to reduce the effects of climate change on women.

Equity in Global Health Research.

The Effect of Climate Change on Allergen and Irritant Exposure.