Abstract
This paper presents the results of consolidated and undrained (CU) triaxial cyclic tests related to the influence of tire waste addition on the strength characteristics of two different soils from Southern Poland: unswelling kaolin and swelling red clay. The test procedure included the normally consolidated remolded specimens prepared from pure red clay (RC) and kaolin (K) and their mixtures with two different fractions of shredded rubber powder (P) and granulate (G) in 5%, 10%, and 25% mass proportions. All samples were subjected to low-frequency cyclic loading carried out with a constant stress amplitude. Analysis of the results includes consideration of the effect of rubber additive and number of load cycles on the development of excess pore pressure and axial strain during the cyclic load operation and on the maximum stress deviator value. A general decrease in the shear strength due to the cyclic load operation was observed, and various effects of shear strength depended on the mixture content and size of the rubber waste particles. In general, the use of soil–rubber mixtures, especially for expansive soils and powder, should be treated with caution for cyclic loading.
Highlights
The task of modern geotechnical engineering seeks solutions to many problems related to the foundation of building structures, protection against destruction, and creation of earthen structures
The densities and initial void ratios were: ρ = 1.85 g/cm3 and e0 = 0.87 for (RC); ρ = 1.46–1.68 g/cm3 and e0 = 0.89–0.93 for (RC-G and RC-P); ρ = 1.52 g/cm3 and e0 = 0.82 for (K-G) (Table 3). This proved that the addition of powder or granulate reduced the density of pure red clay (RC) by approximately 9.2%
Pore pressure variation ∆u depending on the axial strain ε1 (Figure 9); granulate (RC-G10-20 kPa) or 10% powder (RC-P10-20 kPa) to pure red clay (
Summary
The task of modern geotechnical engineering seeks solutions to many problems related to the foundation of building structures, protection against destruction, and creation of earthen structures (e.g., high embankments, dams) These problems are most often caused by complicated soil–water conditions, unfavorable loads transferred from the structure to the subsoil (cyclic or dynamic loads), the presence of a seismically active subsoil, or a subsoil subjected to mining influences. In the case of weak cohesive soils, measures are taken to reduce the weight of embankments constructed on them, while expansive soils seek a reduction in swelling. For these purposes, rubber waste from car tires can be used. Soil strengthening treatments combine with the use of waste (referred to as “end-of-life tires” (ELT)), which humans generate in enormous quantities
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