Abstract
Although haze risk management is mainly under government control, willingness of stakeholders is compulsory to determine. Therefore, this study constructs a tripartite game model of government, public, and enterprises and determines the haze risk evolution model considering the initial willingness of stakeholders. Moreover, numerical simulation analysis was also conducted. The results revealed that stakeholders were affected by the change due to initial willingness to participate in and reach the equilibrium at different speeds. It is found that if subsidy coefficient of the government is big, it will reach equilibrium faster. The bigger the penalty coefficient is, the better the pollution reduction effect of pollutant discharge enterprises. It is found that, at the final equilibrium stage, the government will eventually choose to withdraw from supervision, but the speed of withdrawing varies with different regulatory intentions. Study results stress that the government should actively participate in supervision to reduce environmental pollution.
Highlights
In central Asia, haze causes enormous health issues
In order to more intuitively explore the gradual and stable evolution track of haze risk stakeholders under different parameter values, numerical simulation method and MATLAB software are used for simulation analysis based on the established evolutionary game model and different government supervision efforts
Simulating the impact of the change of initial willingness of the government, the public and enterprises participate in the haze risk on evolution (Figure 2)
Summary
In central Asia, haze causes enormous health issues. In the last five decades, haze in China reached the highest level [1]. According to the statistics of the world health organization, in 2018, about 93% (1.8 billion children) of the children under the age of 15 breathe haze every day which posed a serious risk to health. In 2016, 600,000 children died of acute lower respiratory tract infection caused by polluted air [2]. Haze became serious issue because it threats society, economy, and health [3]. In order to tackle this problem, the Chinese government has listed the treatment of haze pollution as an important part of ecological civilization construction [4]. China has achieved rapid economic growth; less attention has been paid on environmental issues [5]
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