STRATEGIES FOR OPTIMISING SCHEDULE MANAGEMENT DELAYS OF RESIDENTIAL PROJECTS IN CHINA: A CASE STUDY OF YUN YUE DONG FANG PROJECT

The objective of this thesis was to determine the factors that affect residential developers' decision in locating residential development in Polk County, Iowa. Also, this study aims to show the relationship between the developers' characteristics and these factors. Since major land use decisions are often made by private sector, planners or public officials need to understand developers' location decision concerns and behaviors to improve their planning process and plan for growth management effectively. A review of related literature was conducted concerning historical overview of suburbanization and residential developers' location decision process and behavior. To determine the importance of factors that affect the residential developers' decision, a questionnaire was mailed to residential developers who are in residential development business in Polk County, Iowa. The questionnaire asked residential developers to rate the importance of thirty five location, cost, regulation, physical land suitability and marketability factors. General developer characteristics relating to experience in land development and firm organization and production were asked as well. The survey results indicated that the most important factor affecting the site location decision for residential developers in Polk County, Iowa was the availability of public sewer and water service. On the other hand, the least important factor was the rural character of the general area. Some relationships between developer characteristics and their location decision were also identified from this study. Study results indicated that public policy is a very important component for developers when deciding the location of a new residential development. Public policy has a strong influence to residential developers' location decision behavior, and planners or public officials would be able to manage the community's growth through public policies which showed strong importance in this survey. Suggestions to planners or public officials are discussed by using the results of this study.

Residential development in Palembang city is not a simple problem, because residential development need always grows and population growth increases every year, but the supply of land for residential development is limited. The research shows that residential developers have noticed the three factors of land provision for residential development. Based on the physical aspect, the wide area of residential is 4 hectare, and land designation status is garden soil. The easy access and appropriateness to the RTRW are the considerations of developers for building the residence. Based on the institutional aspect, the status of land rights is property rights by way of purchase. Moreover, land supply through land bank is assessed helping the residential developer. Local governments sometimes help the developers, but the developers have difficulty in particular section permits the acquisition of development principles at a location due to government bureaucracy and complex rule. Based on the economic aspect, land prices are cheap and profitable and they become the reasons for choosing the location of residential developers. The price of land per meter2 at the time of purchase was relatively high, indicating the residential developers in Palembang city are very effective in raising the economic of land value. Of the three aspects, the economy aspect is prioritized by residential developers, because residential developers as enterpreneurs have an orientation to get the profit.Keywords : Development, Residential Developer

Residential development in Palembang city is not a simple problem, because residential development need always grows and population growth increases every year, but the supply of land for residential development is limited. The research shows that residential developers have noticed the three factors of land provision for residential development. Based on the physical aspect, the wide area of residential is 4 hectare, and land designation status is garden soil. The easy access and appropriateness to the RTRW are the considerations of developers for building the residence. Based on the institutional aspect, the status of land rights is property rights by way of purchase. Moreover, land supply through land bank is assessed helping the residential developer. Local governments sometimes help the developers, but the developers have difficulty in particular section permits the acquisition of development principles at a location due to government bureaucracy and complex rule. Based on the economic aspect, land prices are cheap and profitable and they become the reasons for choosing the location of residential developers. The price of land per meter2 at the time of purchase was relatively high, indicating the residential developers in Palembang city are very effective in raising the economic of land value. Of the three aspects, the economy aspect is prioritized by residential developers, because residential developers as enterpreneurs have an orientation to get the profit.Keywords: Development, Residential Developer

1 Introduction to the Challenge of Cost and Value Management in Projects. 1.1 Importance of Cost and Value Management in Projects. 1.2 Keys to Effective Project Cost Management. 1.3 Essential Features of Project Value Management. 1.4 Organization of the Book. 2 Project Needs Assessment, Concept Development, and Planning. 2.1 Needs Identification. 2.2 Conceptual Development. 2.3 The Statement of Work. 2.4 Project Planning. 2.5 Project Scope Definition. 2.6 Work Breakdown Structure. 3 Cost Estimation. 3.1 Importance of Cost Estimation. 3.2 Problems of Cost Estimation. 3.3 Sources and Categories of Project Costs. 3.4 Cost Estimating Methods. 3.5 Cost Estimation Process. 3.6 Allowances for Contingencies in Cost Estimation. 3.7 The Use of Learning Curves in Cost Estimation. 4 Project Budgeting. 4.1 Issues in Project Budgeting. 4.2 Developing a Project Budget. 4.3 Approaches to Developing a Project Budget. 4.4 Activity-based Costing. 4.5 Program Budgeting. 4.6 Developing a Project Contingency Budget. 4.7 Issues in Budget Development. 4.8 Crashing the Project: Budget Effects. Crashing Project Activities-Decision Making. 5 Project Cost Control. 5.1 Overview of the Project Evaluation and Control System. 5.2 Integrating Cost and Time in Monitoring Project Performance: The S-Curve. 5.3 Earned Value Management. 5.4 Earned Value Management Model. 5.5 Fundamentals of Earned Value. 5.6 EVM Terminology. 5.7 Relevancy of Earned Value Management. 5.8 Conducting an Earned Value Analysis. 5.9 Performing an Earned Value Assessment. 5.10 Managing a Portfolio of Projects with Earned Value Management. 5.11 Important Issues in the Effective Use of Earned Value Management. 6 Cash Flow Management. 6.1 The Concept of Cash Flow. 6.2 Cash Flow and the Worth of Projects. 6.3 Payment Arrangements. 7 Financial Management in Projects. 7.1 Financing of Projects Versus Project Finance. 7.2 Principles of Financing Projects. 7.3 Types and Sources of Finance. 7.4 Sources of Finance. 7.5 Cost of Financing. 7.6 Project Finance. 7.7 The Process of Project Financial Management. 8 Value Management. 8.1 Concept of Value. 8.2 Dimensions and Measures of Value. 8.3 Overview of Value Management. 8.4 Value Management Terms. 8.5 Need for Value Management in Projects. 8.6 The Value Management Approach. 8.7 The VM Process. 8.8 Benefits of Value Management. 8.9 Other VM Requirements. 8.10 Value Management Reviews. 8.11 Relationship between Project Value and Risk. 8.12 Value Management as an Aid to Risk Assessment. 8.13 An Example of How VM and Risk Management Interrelate. 9 Change Control and Configuration Management. 9.1 Causes of Changes. 9.2 Influence of Changes. 9.3 Configuration Management. 9.4 Configuration Management Standards. 9.5 The CM Process. 9.6 Control of Changes. 9.7 Change Control Procedure and Configuration Control. 9.8 Responsibility for the Control of Changes. 9.9 Crisis Management. 9.10 An Example of Configuration Management. 10 Supply Chain Management. 10.1 What Is Supply Chain Management? 10.2 The Need to Manage Supply Chains. 10.3 SCM Benefits. 10.4 Critical Areas of SCM. 10.5 SCM Issues in Project Management. 10.6 Value Drivers in Project Supply Chain Management. 10.7 Optimizing Value in Project Supply Chains. 10.8 Project Supply Chain Process Framework. 10.9 Integrating the Supply Chain. 10.10 Performance Metrics in Project Supply Chain Management. 10.11 Project Supply Chain Metrics and the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) Model. 10.12 Future Issues in Project Supply Chain Management. 11 Quality Management in Projects. 11.1 Definition of Quality in Projects. 11.2 Elements of Project Quality. 11.3 Total Quality Management (TQM) in Projects. 11.4 Quality Management Methods for a Project Organization. 11.5 Quality Standards for Projects. 12 Integrating Cost and Value in Projects. 12.1 The Project Value Chain. 12.2 Project Value Chain Analysis. 12.3 Sources and Strategies for Integrating Cost and Value in Projects. 12.4 Integrated Value and Risk Management. 12.5 The Project Cost and Value Integration Process. Index.

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the behavior of “rational” residential developers, under game theory, for their pricing strategy in a competitive environment.Design/methodology/approachResults show that residential developers cooperate implicitly for long-term benefit, leading to a slow-down in sales. Developers are motivated to deviate from cooperating at the beginning and at the end of successive periods in a sub-market. Relatively high profits, earnable in the first few periods, provide an allowance to undercut prices and improve sales. For the last few periods, the punishment for any deviation from cooperating is insignificant or zero. Note that the first-mover advantage in a new market is evident. On the effect of uncertainty on the developer’s residential prices, results show that as uncertainty increases, prices decrease while price variability increases.Research limitations/implicationsThis study highlights the merits of a uniquely simplified experimental research design for the strategic behavioral pricing of the private residential development market using a game theoretic approach.Practical implicationsThis study enhances the understanding of the residential development strategy of developers in the residential development market.Originality/valueThere is limited research on pricing strategy for the private residential development market in Asia.

It is a well-known fact that a majority of software development projects, especially 00 based software, never get completed in time and within stipulated budgets. To reap the fullest benefits of exciting technology and keep the software development project on track, it is essential that project management principles be applied to manage software development projects. A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service. The probability of successfully completing a project is at its lowest (risk and uncertainty are highest) at the start of the project and gets progressively higher as the project advances. Project Management is the application d knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities in order to meet or exceed stakeholder needs and expectations from a project. This tutorial will discuss in details the theory and practice of project management with appropriate examples drawn from various software development projects. The following major topics will be discussed: Project scope planning and management Schedule development, management, and control Cost estimation, budget development and control Project quality planning, assurance, and control Project risk identification and management Procurement planning, scheduling, and management Contract administration

Over the past 30 years, Bandung city has experienced with rapid urban land expansion. Together with nearby regencies, it has formed a conurbation urban area namely the Metropolitan Bandung Area. The growth of Greater Bandung is performed by the increasingly widespread of urban settlements in the outer surrounding region of Bandung city. Most of new residential areas are developed in the suburbs area and carried in formal land development initiated by private developers. The study aims to examine how spatial irregularities can be produced through the formal land development framework. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach. Primary data was obtained using purposive sampling interview. Interviewee came from 14 medium-large residential private developers. The data was written down in the interview transcript to be analysed with qualitative content analysis method. The result shows developers strive to develop profit-oriented land. They look for pragmatic solutions based on economic principles as long as no permit violation. Developers would not think deeply for the broader impact of the project since it is not their obligation. Developers will automatically support sustainable peri-urban development if the government provides clear, applicable and consistent rules and guidelines.

Traditionally the development industry, especially in the residential sector, has had a mechanistic approach, with insufficient engagement with the end users of its products. This paper seeks to redefine the development process and examines, in particular the changing contexts of residential development in both the UK and the Netherlands. It critically reviews a number of concepts and models which puts customers and appropriate research of their needs at the heart of the process. It examines the North American highest & best use approach and the PROCESS© stakeholder model before examining how a systematic approach, underpinned by thorough research can achieve higher end user satisfaction, increased viability and risk reduction. Following a review of the traditional approach, the authors compare and contrast perspectives from both the UK and The Netherlands and combine professional and academic observations and analysis of the changes affecting the development industry. In The Netherlands after more than half a century of a government dominated sellers-market there is growing recognition that quality is in fact something driven and defined by the customer. In the more mature UK residential market, customers have become highly sophisticated and their expectations driven higher by aspirational marketing and the shift from an emphasis on property ownership to lifestyle facilitation. These changes demand a different attitude from the parties involved, especially residential real estate developers. This paper critically evaluates recent changes at AM Wonen, the largest independent Dutch developer, and its transition from design management to knowledge management and design research. In 2002 AM employed design management consultants with experience in the domestic appliances and car industry to analyse its business processes. A two-year project led to an explicit development strategy, recognising all stakeholders and a re-definition of the development process. This paper reviews this unique approach, evaluates it against other contemporary international models and thereby aims to re-define the development process. Finally the paper presents an outline of the further research that the Expert Centre at the Hanzehogeschool Groningen will undertake in order to be able to build a dynamic model for residential development in which there is a real-time connection between the user requirements, physical characteristics and financial analysis of development projects.

With the rapid development of China's property industry, residential construction projects face significant schedule delays due to inadequate progress management. It makes it difficult for enterprises to realize the return of funds on time, causing economic losses and reputational damage which brings serious economic losses and loss of corporate reputation. This study aims to identify and prioritize delay factors and propose effective control measures. Qualitative research methods, including semi-structured interviews, are used to collect data from the Yun Yue Dong Fang residential project in China, a case study, and analyze the influencing factors of project schedule management. Like construction, design, materials, finance, communication, non-human elements, planning, and supervision. Results show construction factors (particularly execution efficiency, funding timeliness, and resource allocation) dominate, as evidenced by their highest word frequency in interview coding. Followed by client factors, while the factors related to the design teams, as well as the factors related to the raw material and equipment suppliers have less impact. The study proposes strengthening control through integrated management systems and real-time monitoring, validated by the case study, to mitigate delays. The results of the study provide actionable insights for optimizing schedule management in residential projects as well as the project schedule management of residential development enterprises and enhancing enterprise performance.

Construction schedule control is an important task in the actual construction management process of the project, and it plays a key role in the process of controlling the construction quality. As the organizational structure of the entire project, as well as the process of construction and implementation have become more complex, the actual investment amount of the project has also become greater, resulting in a huge waste of investment in the national economy and society. One of the reasons is due to the project. The management efficiency is low, so the progress of the project cannot be well controlled. Therefore, we are required to adopt more efficient technical means to improve the effectiveness of program management. At present, BIM is to achieve the goal of project control and management, and to achieve the most effective project, but it is still rarely used widely in its construction schedule, and it mainly focuses on practical analysis. In fact, BIM is relatively rarely used in engineering. This article explores and studies the practical application of BIM information technology in construction schedule control and management of construction projects, and analyzes and summarizes some of the problems existing in China's traditional construction schedule control and management on the basis of summarizing relevant documents. Then it analyzes some of the advantages and disadvantages introduced by the BIM information technology used in the construction schedule control and management of China's construction projects, and then builds the schedule control platform of China's BIM information technology in the construction of construction projects based on the above foundation. Finally, the number of people on a platform built by the platform was tested. The test results show that although the platform still has shortcomings, overall, the management system accounts for more than 32% of people with good engineering performance evaluation, generally 30% the above.KeywordsBIM technologyEngineering constructionSchedule managementManagement platform

The development of the construction is growing rapidly, both large-scale projects and small-scale projects. In practice, when the project is seen in terms of cost and resources, construction has limitation. With this limitation, a construction project management is needed. Schedule planning and cost planning for a project is one part of construction project management. Apart from quality, the achievement of a project can be in terms of cost and time. A symptom of poor project management will cause irregularities in terms of project completion time and in terms of cost. With good project management it will be possible to take preventative measures so that the project is carried out according to plan. Planning work schedules and planning costs that have been incurred must be measured in advance. In its implementation, a project may experience delays, acceleration, or on time according to the project plan schedule. In terms of cost, implementation in a project may experience advantages or disadvantages. Schedule and cost management planning is something that cannot be separated from each other. In this study will examine what are schedule management’s indicators and cost management’s indicator that influential or most important in interior construction.

ABSTRACTReal estate development has received less scrutiny than real estate investment in terms of appraisal practices and performance measurement. This is despite the inherent uncertainty and financial risks associated with development as an activity. We investigate market practices regarding performance metrics and return expectations both for residential and commercial real estate development in the UK, exploring what is considered as an appropriate return and how this varies according to type and duration of scheme, and method of appraisal used. After examining the literature and the information available on ex-post returns from development activity, results from a survey of real estate developers are reported, supplemented by findings from interviews. The results suggest that the use of traditional residual valuation techniques dominates discounted cash flow models when appraising development projects, particularly among residential developers, while profit-on-cost and profit-on-value are the most popular metrics for quantifying required returns. Unlike NPV or IRR, these metrics do not account for the timing of cash flows, raising questions about the robustness of appraisals in this sector. Such metrics might suffice if required profits are adjusted in ways that are consistent with scheme duration and risks, but it is unclear that this is currently the case.

Real estate development in the UK is a mature and diverse sector of the economy, closely connected to fi nancial services and well embedded within its political and institutional context. The sector is dominated by large and well-established companies with the capacity to operate across the country, even if they choose to concentrate their activities within particular regions and localities. Very few such companies are active in both commercial and residential development, for most see themselves as specialists in one or other of these sectors (Havard, 2008). Residential developers are primarily traders building for the important owner-occupied market (Calcutt, 2007). This short-term mentality is refl ected by the commercial traders, who move on from one development to the next, without retaining any long-term interest. Developerinvestors, however, are also important players in the commercial sector, and focus on producing modern offi ce and retail stock. Their longer-term mentality tends to be highly selective and risk averse, with evident concentration on developing the very best commercial property in the very best locations (Guy and Henneberry, 2000).

Peri-urban areas are often regarded as a potential land for urban housing needs. Private sectors’ involvement in peri-urban residential development is often viewed by the government as a solution for housing supply provision. However, their complicity is suspected to generate an unstructured and fragmented infrastructure network. This study aims to find out how housing infrastructure provision in micro-spatial areas could form an unstructured network of macro-spatial ones. The selection of case studies is based on three typologies of residential developer. Examination aspects include the availability and accessibility of residential infrastructure. The research was conducted in two villages, each located in the southern and northern part of peri-urban areas of Metropolitan Bandung Raya. The data were collected through observation and interviews with old and new inhabitants. The analytical method uses a qualitative approach. Infrastructure availability is examined by the national standard, and the accessibility is examined by the absence of obstacles. The results showed that only a few aspects of housing infrastructure components fulfilled the standard, and the accessibility of most housing infrastructures for outer residents was restricted through the gated concept. From this research, we found that even though the developer has provided the residential infrastructure properly, without an integrated planning network it would not bring any spatial improvement.

Residential developers have found footholds in university-adjacent neighborhoods, though the extent of this trend is unclear. We examine rental construction near 168 major U.S. universities with neighborhood data covering 2000 to 2018. We find that more rental units were built near larger universities with growing enrollments and limited dormitory capacity. University-adjacent rental development varied widely across urban contexts, and was most common in low-mid-rent neighborhoods with similar precedents. More large-scale rental housing was built in medium-sized cities with higher housing prices yet slower rising rents. Findings suggest the importance of municipal and university roles in residential development, including local regulations and dormitory investments.