Abstract
Trans-resveratrol, the most well-known polyphenolic stilbenoid, is found in grapes and accordingly in wine and it is considered to be beneficial for human health, especially towards the aging-linked cell alterations by providing numerous biological activities, such as anti-oxidant, antitumoral, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and platelet anti-aggregation properties. Although trans-resveratrol is a promising molecule, it cannot be considered as a drug, due to its weak bio-availability and fast metabolism. To overcome these weaknesses, several research teams have undertaken the synthesis of innovative trans-resveratrol derivatives, with the aim to increase its solubility in water and pharmacological activities towards cell targets. The aim of this review is to show the chronological evolution over the last 25 years of different strategies to develop more efficient trans-resveratrol derivatives towards organism physiology and, therefore, to enhance various pharmacological activities. While the literature on the development of new synthetic derivatives is impressive, this review will focus on selected strategies regarding the substitution of trans-resveratrol phenyl rings, first with hydroxy, methoxy, and halogen groups, and next with functionalized substituents. The effects on cell functions and dysfunctions of interesting resveratrol analogs will be addressed in this review.
Highlights
Polyphenolic compounds produced by vine belong essentially to flavonoids, stilbenoids, and anthocyanins, and are distributed in leaves, berries, and lignified tissues
We chronological evolution over the last years of different chemical strategies followed by researchers in the the aim aim to to evolution over the last 25 years of different chemical strategies followed by researchers in develop efficient trans-resveratrol derivatives towards various pharmacological activities
Because the number of publications related to such trans-resveratrol derivatives is impressive, the list of these relevant cited papers is far from exhaustive
Summary
Polyphenolic compounds produced by vine belong essentially to flavonoids, stilbenoids, and anthocyanins, and are distributed in leaves, berries (seeds and skin), and lignified tissues. In the plant, they either play the role of phytoalexins (flavonoids and stilbenoids) [1,2] or are responsible for the color in leaves, flowers, and berries (anthocyanins) [3]. In each series, at least one polyphenolic compound provides health-promoting effects on humans. We were interested in trans-resveratrol (1, Figure 1), the leader in the polyphenolic stilbenoid series, present in vine, grapes, and, in wine [7], and in numerous other plants, including the Asiatic plant, Polygonum cuspidatum [8]; edible plants, such as peanuts [9]; and red fruit [10]. Trans-resveratrol extents longevity [15], induces cell pro-differentiation [16,17], is a neuroprotective agent [18], and acts against platelet
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