Abstract
This study includes the importance of maintaining local wisdom by fishing communities in the face of adaptation to the impact of ecosystem changes on Sabang Island. Through deepening of the literature review, in-depth interviews, observations, and focus group discussions were conducted with local fishing communities in the coastal area of Sabang Island, finally found some research results that made reference to the adaptation strategies that fishermen community carried to the impact of ecosystem changes through local wisdom. The results show that Sabang Island fishermen communities who have felt the impact of ecosystem changes such as mangrove damage, coral reefs due to exploitation of coastal resources and natural disasters can achieve the success of solving the problem in several ways either through knowledge about adaptation made by fishing communities obtained from academic knowledge, or through knowledge that has been entrusted in a downward manner known as local wisdom. Therefore, fisherman adaptation strategies in addressing the impacts of ecosystem change follow a pattern of reactive adaptation, they tend to use capabilities from within the community. This adaptation pattern is carried out by developing job diversification, modifying the fleet of boats and taking action with the community in rehabilitating damaged ecosystems and the role of commander laot to the fishermen in arranging the time of catching with the natural sign through the knowledge of inheritance as local wisdom that needs to be maintained all the time. Keyword: Fisherman Society, Adaptation, ecosystem change, local wisdom.
Highlights
Masyarakat nelayan merupakan masyarakat kawasan pesisir yang memerlukan perhatian secara akademis, mengingat kehidupan pesisir tidak terlepas dari bagian sosial dalam kehidupan ini.Pulau Sabang merupakan salah satu dari sekian banyak pulau di Indonesia yang mengalami perubahan ekosistem
The results show that Sabang Island fishermen communities who have felt the impact of ecosystem changes such as mangrove damage, coral reefs due to exploitation of coastal resources and natural disasters can achieve the success of solving the problem in several ways either through knowledge about adaptation made by fishing communities obtained from academic knowledge, or through knowledge that has been entrusted in a downward manner known as local wisdom
Aceh Pasca Tsunami: Dampak Negatif Bantuan yang Berlebihan. www.kabarindonesia.com
Summary
Djunaidi (2007) mengatakan bahwa pada umumnya masyarakat pesisir telah menjadi bagian masyarakat yang pluralistik, tetapi masih memiliki jiwa kebersmaan. Perubahan ekosistem berdampak pada aktivitas sosial ekonomi masyarakat yang meliputi perubahan waktu melaut, daerah tangkapan ikan dan jumlah tangkapan ikan (Saguna, 2016). Terjadinya perubahan ekosistem di kawasan pesisir Pulau Sabang menyebabkan masyarakat nelayan hidup dalam suatu lingkungan yang tidak menentu. Menurut Kusnadi dkk (2007) bahwa kondisi masyarakat nelayan atau masyarakat pesisir diberbagai kawasan secara umum ditandai dengan adanya kemiskinan, keterbelakangan sosial-budaya rendahnya kualitas sumberdaya manusia (SDM) serta kapasitas berorganisasi masyarakatnya. Dampak perubahan tersebut telah menambah kerentanan terhadap wilayah, dengan munculnya kepanikan nelayan terhadap hasil tangkap, dan menurunnya populasi ikan yang berdampak pada penghasilan nelayan. Bukan hanya di Pulau Sabang, saat ini permasalahan kerentanan masyarakat pesisir akibat perubahan ekosistem bukanlah hal baru yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat. Salah satu upayanya adalah dengan melakukan upaya adaptasi terhadap perubahan lingkungan fisik maupun sosial yang terjadi secara temporal. Adaptasi merupakan suatu sistem interaksi yang berlangsung terus antara manusia dengan manusia, dan antara manusia dengan ekosistemnya (Helmi dan Satria, 2012)
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