Abstract
Along with the increasing number of the electric vehicles (EVs), an urban transportation network with a large number of EVs will come true in the near future. Since many countries encourage EVs due to their environmental-friendly benefits, the environmental costs of vehicles have attracted much attention in recent years. In this paper, besides the environmental costs, we take into account the issues of the stochastic user equilibrium (SUE), the elastic demand (ED), and the driving range of EVs in the network. We propose an SUE with ED (SUEED) problem to consider these issues in the urban transportation network with EVs. An SUEED model is developed. We also propose a method of successive average (MSA) to solve the SUEED problem. The computational feasibility of the algorithm is tested in a large-scale network. Through a comparison analysis, we show the benefits of introducing EVs into the urban transportation network in the SUEED circumstance. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to reveal the potential values of EVs against the development of EVs. The results suggest that EVs may help to reduce both the travelers’ travel costs and the environmental costs of the entire network.
Highlights
Along with the increasing number of the electric vehicles (EVs), an urban transportation network with a large number of EVs will come true in the near future
We propose a method of successive average (MSA) to solve the SUE with ED (SUEED) problem. e computational feasibility of the algorithm is tested in a large-scale network. rough a comparison analysis, we show the benefits of introducing EVs into the urban transportation network in the SUEED circumstance
A recent study takes into account the environmental costs in the EV network and provides promising results [1]. rough a sensitivity analysis, it suggests that the drivers prefer EVs if they care about the environment or if the Journal of Advanced Transportation government improves people’s environmental awareness and alleviates EVs’ environmental costs. rough a comparison analysis, it suggests that introducing EVs into urban transportation networks can reduce the generalized travel costs for both EV drivers and gasoline vehicles (GVs) drivers
Summary
In the EV network, both EVs and GVs produce the environmental cost whose amount depends on the unit environmental cost and the travel distance. E logit-based SUE model assigns the travelers onto the path sets for an OD pair in terms of the generalized travel costs of these paths. Where Pwk,i denotes the route choice probability for travelers with mode i to choose path k between OD pair w and θi denotes the travel cost perception of the travelers with mode i. Equation (9) is a slight revision of the logit-based SUE model It divides the path sets into the path sets for EVs and those for GVs and calculate the route choice probabilities for EVs and GVs, respectively. We demonstrate the equivalence, existence, and the uniqueness of the SUEED solution based on the model [EV-SUEED]
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