Abstract

We investigated the effects of size and dose of various ceramic particles on the release of bone-resorbing mediators from macrophages. Mouse macrophage cell line, J-774 was co-cultured with either alumina or hydroxyapatite particles. Uniform suspensions of alumina or hydroxyapatite particles, ranging in 1–1000 μm were prepared, and amount of 0.002 and 0.02gram of the particles were used in each group. After forty-eight hours of exposure, each medium was harvested and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 α (IL-1α) levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The release of TNF-α from macrophages was increased by smaller size of both particles in a dose-dependent fashion. IL-1α and IL-6 production were enhanced in a similar manner. Hydroxyapatite particles, especially in small size (1 μm), caused greater release of mediators than alumina particles. These results suggested that the particles small enough, even if it was biocompatible, had ability to stimulate bone resorption by increasing the production of bone-resorbing mediators.

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