Stickers as commemoration

Laser tomography consisting of a high-speed digital CCD camera and an Ar-ion laser sheet were applied to a premixed-spray flame to visualize droplet cluster behaviors and to examine the formation and combustion processes of droplet clusters in the flame. By monitoring a time-series of cross-sectional images of the premixed­spray, it became clear that there were no distinct droplet clusters in the non-combusting case. When it was ignited, on the other hand, some portions of the spray stream disappeared rapidly probably due to the flame propagation through easy-to-bum regions, and unburned regions remained as droplet clusters flowed downstream. Furthermore, the droplet clusters seemed to act as sources of fuel-vapor and burned in the diffusion combustion mode, because their shape and size did not change rapidly in the downstream. Based on these observations, it was confirmed that, in the process of cluster formation, the phenomenon was very rapid and dominated by the flame propagation, and once the clusters were formed, the burning process of clusters was relatively slow and dominated by the diffusion combustion. In order to quantify the above mentioned phenomena, we defined cluster-based disappearance rate, ω, in stead of the conventional droplet evaporation rate or burning rate. As a result, ω was large in the upstream region of the spray flame where the flame propagation occurred intensively, while ω was relatively small in the downstream region where diffusion combustion was dominant.

This study focuses on public signage on Wilton Drive in Wilton Manors, Florida – a homonormative space that privileges the representation of the experiences and needs of particular groups of gay men to the exclusion of other sexualities. I use a linguistic landscape methodology to conduct a multimodal critical discourse analysis in which I identify prevalent affective regimes discursively surfacing in public signage on Wilton Drive. My research interest lies in the question of how affective regimes are produced through signage practices, and how they shape social representation in this homonormative space. After a theoretical outline of the concepts of linguistic landscape, affect and affective regimes, I illustrate and analyze the discursive construction of three types of affective regimes that are particularly common in this context: love, tolerance and homonationalism. The analysis shows how the three affective regimes contribute to making Wilton Drive a space in which specific social normativities prevail, but also takes a critical look at the downsides of such discursive constructions.

Using Zhang Delu’s multimodal discourse analysis framework, this paper investigates the modal synergy and emotional resonance construction mechanism of the online short drama Escape from the British Museum from four levels: culture, context, content and expression. The results show that the cultural layer embeds “cultural relics home” into the collective memory. The context layer makes the narrative everyday through “blood title + civilian scene.” The content layer combines the desire to return home with perceptible audio-visual stimulation. The expression layer anchors the identity with “family.” The resonance between linguistic and non-linguistic modalities drives the audience to shift from cognitive recognition to emotional identification. Multiple modalities interact collaboratively, forming emotional peaks. This interaction connects with the audience’s social practice (likes, retweets, topic participation) to complete the emotion-behavior closed loop. This model reveals the role of multimodal synergy in promoting audience emotional resonance.

The article considers the methods of semiotic modelling (method of constructing multiple spirals, and multimodal analysis, etc.). The relevance of the use of these methods for the study of socio-economic phenomena is determined. Features of the use of these methods are described with help of two groups of key notions: a) the group of concept-variables of such concepts as code (genetic, iconic, information, cultural, memetic, social, civilisation, language), gene (biological, cultural, social, philosophic, economic), spiral (Archimedes, double, multiple, plane, spatial, triple, etc.); b) the group of concept-variables of such concepts as modalisation, modality, mode and multimodality. Differences between the methods under consideration are due not only to the different sets of concepts used to describe them, but also due to the main objects studied using these methods. So, as the main object of modeling using the method of constructing multiple spirals, various types of such complex signs as codes and genes are most often used. The objects of multimodal analysis are, as rule, macrolevel semiotic units (video, comic books, creolised and poly-code texts, posters, and other polymodal texts). The conclusion is substantiated that the method of constructing multiple spirals and multimodal analysis, together with the previously considered semiotic and chain analyses, form a single methodological system of social semiotics.

The communicative function of text can be obtained through the multimodal analysis of the text which contains the interaction and integration of two or more semiotic resources, graphics and text. This study investigated the structure of the titles and graphics of the title pages along with the situation of the content of native and non-native title pages of English novels of modern age. 20 title pages including 10 modern native and non-native English novels are randomly selected from the Google search engine. Multimodal analysis including Jeffries (2016) model to analyse the structure of the text of the title pages, Davy (2013) model to analyse the graphical features of the title pages and Bernstein (2003) to investigate the situational features presented in the title pages of the novels have been followed. A bench mark technique was used to identify the graphics of title pages, structure of the title phrases and situation presented in the title pages. The results generated from qualitative analysis indicated that mostly the native authors observed all of the features mentioned by the great linguists, stylitions and graphic experts while selecting the design of title pages whereas, non-native authors and publisher have not kept these features in mind while selecting the contents of title page of their composition. It causes lack of readership as the readers cannot extract maximum information from the title page. The study has opened new dimensions to the new researchers and it also beneficial for the authors and publisher in the selection of the title pages.Key words: Semiotics, Graphics, Situation, Text, Title-page

This investigation aims to decode the implicit ideologies in the chosen images and their function to support the process of getting an education in the Primary English Textbook (SNC2020) of grades (1-3) from the academic year (2021-22). This is qualitative research, data collected from the Primary English Textbook (SNC-2020) of grades (1-3). The latent qualitative content analysis under Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) by (Machin & Mayer, 2012) decodes the illustrations. The findings reveal various Pakistani Cultural and Ethical themes and ideologies such as Studious Attitude at Home and Culture, Sharing and Creative Art, Assisting Elders with a Good Attitude, Pakistani Family Culture, Good and Bad Manners, Intellectual Mother and Ethical Education of a Child, Conversation Manner and Costume Culture, Home Culture and Intellectual Activities and Scheduled Routine of a Child. Moreover, the children are displayed in a proper posture while studying, and this teaches them the manner to sit and study. The children are involved in the creative art of making the card, and they write on it. This gives them the idea to enjoy along with studying. Thus, the socio-linguistic assessment is used to design an instructor’s training program and aid curriculum designers in improving the shortcomings in the textbooks.

Within the article, information on the current state of clustering is systematized, for which the data on the cluster formations functioning in the world are analyzed, on the basis of which seven world models of clusters are singled out, their main and characteristic features are outlined. The orientation of Ukrainian clusters is clarified, special features are revealed and their characteristics are given. It is proved that modern manifestations of digital economy significantly influence the process of clustering and cluster formation. The analysis of digitalization of Ukraine in the regional section is carried out, grouping of regions on digital development of regions is conducted. The influence of digitalization on the development of socio-economic relations is revealed and outlined. The main transformational changes of modern clustering in the conditions of digitalization are formulated, it is proved that its change led to the appearance of such cluster formations as clusters of digital economy, their concepts, essence, features and advantages are clarified.

Context. Meteoroid clusters represent a unique opportunity to study processes of meteoroid disruptions in interplanetary space. We follow our previous work about the September epsilon Perseid (SPE) meteoroid cluster from 2016 with a detailed analysis of the observed data and cluster formation conditions. Aims. Our goal is to determine ejection velocities of the cluster members and SPE’s age, as well as to estimate the most probable formation process. Methods. We precisely determined mutual positions and masses of all meteoroids including the errors. We assumed that the massdominated meteoroid is the parent body of the cluster and that the observed positions of meteoroids are controlled by the ejection velocities and the action of solar radiation pressure. A formula for the dependence of meteoroid ejection velocities on the mutual positions, masses, and cluster age was derived. It was assumed that the time at which the initial kinetic energy of all meteoroids reached a minimum value corresponds to the age of the cluster. Knowing values and directions of ejection velocities together with meteoroid masses then allowed us to determine the most likely process of cluster formation. Results. The meteoroids occupy a volume of 66 × 67 × 50 km and are shifted in the antisolar direction by 27 km relative to the parent meteoroid. The age of the cluster is 2.28 ± 0.44 days. The ejection velocities range from 0.13 ± 0.05 m s−1 to 0.77 ± 0.34 m s−1 with a mean value of 0.35 m s−1. The ejection velocity directions are inside the cone with an apex angle of 101 ± 5°. The axis of the cone is ~45° away from the solar direction and ~34° away from the mean direction of the flux of small meteoroids’ incident on the parent meteoroid. Formation due to the separation of part of the surface due to very fast rotation is the least likely thing to occur. We estimate the rotation frequency to be about 2 Hz and the corresponding stress is several orders of magnitude lower than the predicted strength limit. It is also difficult to explain the formation of the cluster by an impact of a small meteoroid on the parent body. However, this possibility, although not very likely, cannot be completely ruled out. The most probable process is the exfoliation due to thermal stresses. Their estimated magnitude is sufficient and the derived ejection velocities are consistent with this process of formation.

This article analyses the emotions evoked by the visual and performative mobilisation of the anti-gender movement through a case study of the March for Life in Zagreb, Croatia. Relying on theories of collective action investigating the role of emotional mobilisation in the public sphere, we argue that the anti-gender movement accentuates ritual practices that transcend the instrumental functions of protest and belong to a new, postmodern repertoire of identity expression traditionally reserved for left-wing movements. We examine the role of emotions in movement's collective identity formation using multimodal analysis and the participant observation method. First, we employ multimodal qualitative analysis on 600 posts from the actors’ Facebook page. Second, we analyse a poster of the March in depth, investigating its symbolic, rhetorical, and connotative meanings. Finally, we analysed the cultural logic of the March for Life and its kinaesthetic and symbolic aspects as participants, including music, signs, route, organisation, and artefacts. The paper argues that the movement's success is mainly due to its articulation of emotions, as it adopts the discourse, emotional tone, and performative elements of identity politics. The movement enables collective emotional expression to construct a positive participatory political identity rooted in an idealised vision of the heteronormative family.

The formation process of water clusters is investigated experimentally with a supersonic free molecular jet of water vapor mixtures of Ar, Xe, N2, CO2 and CO, especially noticing the effect of the solute molecules on the cluster formation. The terminal concentrations of clusters formed through a supersonic molecular expansion are measured with a mass spectrometer by changing the mole fraction of water vapor at the source. It is observed that, in the range of relatively small H2 O mole fraction of binary mixtures at the source, the formation process of water clusters is controlled mainly by the thermodynamical effects of the expansion. On the other hand, at larger H2 O mole fractions, the molecular dynamical behavior of mixture molecules must be taken into account for understanding the formation process of water clusters. In both cases, the binary species play an important role in the formation process of water clusters.

The subject matter of this research is the processes of the spontaneous clustering in the regional economy. The purpose is the development and approbation of the modeling algorithm of these processes. The hypothesis: the processes of spontaneous clustering in the social and economic environment are supposed to proceed not linearly, but intermittently. The following methods are applied: agent imitating modeling with an application of FOREL and k-means algorithms. The modeling algorithm is realized in the Python 3 programming language. The course regularities of clustering processes in the region are revealed: 1) the clustering processes are intensifying, the production uniformity is increasing; 2) the increase of the level of production uniformity leads to the leveling of customer behavior; 3) the producers of high-differentiated production reduce the level of its differentiation or leave the cluster; 4) the stages of steady functioning are illustrative for clustering processes, their change is followed with arising of bifurcation points; 5) the activation of clustering processes in regional economy leads to the revenue increase of the cluster participants, each of producers and of consumers, and to the growth of synergetic effect values. These results testify the nonlinearity of processes of clustering and ambiguity of their effects. The following conclusions have been drawn: 1) a modeling of the processes of spontaneous clustering in regional economy has showed that they proceed not linearly, a steady progressive development is followed with leaps; 2) the clustering of regional economy leads to the growth of the efficiency indicators of activities of cluster-concerned entities; 3) initiation and activation of the clustering processes requires a certain environment.

The article defines the role of the clustering process as an innovative form of integrated development of the tourist sphere. The state of the regulatory framework in the tourist sphere and clusterization process development in Ukraine is analyzed. The idea of tourist clusters creating lies in the mutual coordination of activities, when the different in functional characteristics subjects implement a common goal, thereby increasing work efficiency, accelerating the achievement of planned results, introducing new technologies, facilitating of the loans obtaining, establishing a competitive bases in the contracts distribution, forming the optimal structure of products production, determining the priorities of directions development. For Ukraine, clustering process is one of ways economy development. The tourism clusters creation is able to neutralize of the state policy imperfection of small and medium-sized businesses supporting. Tourist enterprises, united in the tourism cluster within the region, have opportunity to more effectively defend their interests at the local authorities level, and also participate in large investment programs. The tourism clusters formation mechanism traditionally includes two components: on the one hand, this is an initiative group the creation for the cluster formation, which should include both representatives of key enterprises of a potential tourist cluster and also specialists with experience in implementing the cluster model in other regions or industries (for example, experts from regional development agencies, experts from various programs and initiatives), on the other hand, a necessary condition is the cluster official recognition and registration by state and local authorities. The features creating of the different types of tourist clusters in Ukraine are investigated. The level of tourist business development in the Odessa region is assessed, existing and perspective clusters in the tourism sphere are analyzed. The directions of tourist activity improvement in region due to the clusterization process are offered.

Abstract
 
 Following the COVID-19 epidemic, a massive vaccination drive has impacted the global social fabric. This article explains multimodal discourse analysis, often known as multimodal content analysis, a qualitative content analysis method. The term "multimodal discourse analysis" refers to studying different communication modalities. It also gives scholars an example of multimodal discourse analysis that they may use to guide future research and start a debate about the possible benefits and problems of using several forms of communication. It has been thoroughly described that this study exhibited multimodal voices that can be compatible or divergent, as in pragmatic dissociative echoing. According to the theoretical thrust of this analysis, some memes are (re)posted via social media (and, in some cases, become viral), and the prior voice(s) can be re-purposed (e.g., ridiculed or unknowingly misinterpreted). Overall, this research has significant theoretical and methodological implications for memes since it highlights the efficacy of multimodal voicing, intertextuality, and echoing notions. This study emphasizes the epistemological uncertainty in public and academic understandings of memes and voices that cannot be characterized unequivocally.
 
 Keywords: meme, covid-19, multimodal social analysis, echoing, intertextuality 

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between the clustering process and ensuring sustainable development of enterprises participating in the cluster, in particular small and medium-sized businesses. It was established that ensuring sustainable development, both at the level of the country, region and industry, and at the level of an individual enterprise, is the main guideline that meets modern realities. The latest research and publications on issues of ensuring sustainable development and the clustering process were studied. The purpose of the study was to study the motives of enterprises, especially small and mediumsized ones, to form cluster structures based on determining the potential opportunities that participation in cluster formation gives enterprises, and their impact on achieving the goals of sustainable development of enterprises. To achieve the set goal, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and logical generalization were used. The list of goals of sustainable development of Ukraine until 2023, approved at the legislative level, was studied. The correspondence of the goals of sustainable development of enterprises to the components of sustainable development and relevant goals at the country level was established. It is proved that clustering can be considered as one of the tools for improving the efficiency of the functioning of enterprises and ensuring their sustainable development on this basis. The opinions of scientists on the advantages of clusters as organizational formations are systematized and the potential opportunities for enterprises that arise when entering a cluster structure are identified. It is established that participation in cluster formations significantly expands the opportunities of enterprises, especially small and medium-sized ones, to compete in the market and improve their activities. This made it possible to establish the possible impact of an enterprise's participation in a cluster formation on its achievement of sustainable development goals. Such opportunities determine the main motives of enterprises to participate in cluster formations.

Spatially explicit consideration of species distribution can significantly add to our understanding of species coexistence. In this paper, we evaluated the relative importance of habitat heterogeneity and other clustering processes (e.g., dispersal limitation, collectively called the non-habitat clustering process) in explaining the spatial distribution patterns of 341 tree species in three stem-mapped 25-50 ha plots of tropical, subtropical, and temperate forests. Their relative importance was estimated by a method that can take one mechanism into account when estimating the effects of the other mechanism and vice versa. Our results demonstrated that habitat heterogeneity was less important in explaining the observed species patterns than other clustering processes in plots with flat topography but was more important in one of the three plots that had a complex topography. Meanwhile, both types of clustering mechanisms (habitat or non-habitat) were pervasive among species at the 50-ha scale across the studied plots. Our analyses also revealed considerable variation among species in the relative importance of the two types of mechanism within each plot and showed that this species-level variation can be partially explained by differences in dispersal mode and growth form of species in a highly heterogeneous environment. Our findings provide new perspectives on the formation of species clustering. One important finding is that a significant species-habitat association does not necessarily mean that the habitat heterogeneity has a decisive influence on species distribution. The second insight is that the large species-level variation in the relative importance of the two types of clustering mechanisms should not be ignored. Non-habitat clustering processes can play an important role on species distribution.