Abstract
After a short historical description of the development of mechanical methods to increase the fatigue strength of components, i. e. by rolling, the present opinion as to the cause for such increases is questioned. The large increases possible by optimum rolling, i. e. the fatigue limit is tripled, cannot be explained by the effect of compressive residual stresses acting like compressive mean stresses. The hypothesis is put forward that it is the effect of crack closure which is the main cause for such increases.
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