Abstract
Due to the high neutron yield and the large plasma size many ITER plasma parameters such as fusion power, power density, ion temperature, fast ion energy and their spatial distributions in the plasma core can be measured well by various neutron diagnostics. Neutron diagnostic systems under consideration and development for ITER include radial and vertical neutron cameras (RNC and VNC), internal and external neutron flux monitors (NFMs), neutron activation systems and neutron spectrometers. The two-dimensional neutron source strength and spectral measurements can be provided by the combined RNC and VNC. The NFMs need to meet the ITER requirement of time-resolved measurements of the neutron source strength and can provide the signals necessary for real-time control of the ITER fusion power. Compact and high throughput neutron spectrometers are under development. A concept for the absolute calibration of neutron diagnostic systems is proposed. The development, testing in existing experiments and the engineering integration of all neutron diagnostic systems into ITER are in progress and the main results are presented.
Highlights
ITER will be the first burning plasma experiment with collective behaviour of the alpha particles and other fast and thermal ions
The necessity of 2D neutron profile measurements in ITER arises from the fact that, due to fast ion components, the neutron source profile may not be a constant on magnetic surfaces, especially during ion cyclotron resonance heating, neutral beam injection, sawteeth oscillations, Alfven eigenmodes (AE) modes and in advanced tokamak regimes with strongly negative magnetic shear
The ITER requirements of fusion power measurements with 1 ms time resolution and 10% accuracy will be fulfilled in a dynamic range of 3 × 103
Summary
ITER will be the first burning plasma experiment with collective behaviour of the alpha particles and other fast and thermal ions. A wide range of plasma parameters must be measured to reach the ITER programme goals [1]. Due to the high neutron yield and the large plasma size many ITER plasma parameters, such as fusion power, power density, ion temperature, fast ion energy and their spatial distributions in the plasma core, can be measured well by means of neutron diagnostics. A set of neutron diagnostics is planned for ITER to meet the specified measurement requirements [2, 3]. In comparison with present-day experiments, the neutron diagnostics in ITER will be applied in a much more severe. Neutron diagnostic systems under consideration and development for ITER include radial (RNC) [6, 7] and vertical (VNC) [8] neutron cameras, internal [9, 10], external [11,12,13] and divertor [12] neutron flux monitors (NFM), neutron activation systems [14,15,16] and neutron spectrometers [17,18,19,20,21,22]
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