Abstract
Summary Measures to control the welding deformation affecting basic welded joints have so far been extensively clarified and can be to some extent estimated from the welding conditions. Welding deformation, however, is predicted to depend on the skills of welding operatives, being affected by welding conditions such as the welding heat input, leg length and restraint of welded joints. It is therefore desirable to treat welding deformation statistically. This paper describes an investigation into the statistical properties of the welding heat input, leg length dimensions, angular distortion, and transverse shrinkage when welding operatives having specified skills are engaged in semi-automatic MAG welding of fillet-welded T joints, together with the results of an attempt to estimate the distribution characteristics of welding deformation. The results obtained may be summarised as follows. 1 The distribution characteristics of the welding heat input and leg length dimensions at a specified target leg length are clarified. 2 The coefficients of variation of the base metal plate thickness and yield stress are less than that of the welding heat input, so that the effect of the scatters of the plate thickness and yield stress on the scatter of the welding deformation are predicted to be less than the effect of the scatter of the welding heat input. 3 The effect of the welding heat input on the angular distortion and transverse shrinkage tends to be the same as that found during bead welding, there being a tendency for heavy scatter to occur. 4 The angular distortion and transverse shrinkage are arranged as functions of the target leg length, and the distribution characteristics of the angular distortion and transverse shrinkage in fillet-welded T joint flanges can be estimated at any arbitrary target leg length. 5 The angular distortion and transverse shrinkage are arranged as functions of the welding heat input, and their distribution characteristics can be estimated from any arbitrary welding conditions.
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