Statistical analysis of magnetic susceptibility variations in the flotation tailing of the Rudnik Mine, Republic of Serbia

At request of U.S. Bureau of Land Management, approximately 39,420 acres of Skedaddle Mountain Wilderness Study Area (CA-020-612) were evaluated for mineral resources (known) and mineral resource potential (undiscovered). In this report, studied is referred to as study area or simply the study any reference to Skedaddle Mountain Wilderness Study Area refers only to that part of wilderness study for which a mineral survey was requested by U.S. Bureau of Land Management. Field work was carried out in 1985 to assess mineral resource potential of area. Demonstrated subeconomic perlite resources are about 184,000 short tons in and adjacent to western part of study area. There are six areas of mineral and (or) geothermal energy resource potential in Skedaddle Mountain Wilderness Study Area. Geologic and geochemical evidence suggests that study has potential for occurrence of silver, gold, mercury, and antimony metallic deposits. The central part of Spencer Basin, upper Thousand Springs Canyon, and south fork of Wendel Canyon have high mineral resource potential for gold, silver, mercury, and antimony while surrounding these locations has moderate mineral resource potential for same metals. An in Wendel Canyon has moderate mineral resource potential for perlite, and an adjacent to south has low mineral resource potentialforthe same commodity. The Skedaddle Mountain Wilderness Study Area includes part of Wendel-Amedee Known Geothermal Resource Area. The southwest corner of study has moderate resource potential for geothermal energy and much of west half of study has low potential for geothermal energy. There is no oil or gas resource potential in study area. Character and Setting The Skedaddle Mountain Wilderness Study Area is located in eastern part of Modoc Plateau in Lassen County, northeastern California, and Washoe County, northwestern Nevada (fig. 1). The study encompasses 39,420 acres 25 mi east of Susanville, Calif. It is bounded on three sides by dirt roads; south boundary parallels Wendel Road. The Skedaddle Mountains lie in northern part and Amedee Mountains lie in southern part of study area. Elevations range from 4,3 00 ft at base of Amedee Mountains to 7,680 ft at summit of Hot Springs Peak in Skedaddle Mountains. Steep rim-rock walls and taluscovered canyons are common along the.west edge of area; rest of study is moderately sloping. Vegetation is sparse, consisting mainly of desert sage-scrub species. The rocks in study consist mostly of Tertiary (see appendixes for geologic time scale) basalt, andesite, dacite, rhyolite, and lahar deposits. South of study lakebed features, including tufa deposits and strandlines from Pleistocene Lake Lahontan, are present. The central part of Mineral Resources of Skedaddle Mountain Wilderness Study Area, Lassen County, California, and Washoe County, Nevada C1 Spencer Basin is underlain by highly altered volcanic rocks which probably originally consisted of andesite, dacite, and lahar deposits. Identified Mineral Resources The identified resources in Skedaddle Mountain Wilderness Study Area consist of 46,000 tons of measured subeconomic resources and about 138,000 tons of indicated subeconomic resources of perlite. Additional nonmetallic occurrences present in study consist of basalt, pozzolan, stone, and sand and gravel. There are no identified resources of these commodities and they are not currently of economic significance. There are no identified resources of metallic minerals in study area, but metallic mineral occurrences present in and near study consist of small amounts of gold and mercury in vein-type deposits. The gold and mercury occurrences and perlite resources are spatially related to a volcanic center in Skedaddle Mountains. There are no known mines or mining operations in study area. None of prospects or claims in or within 1 mi of study have recorded production. At least 276 recorded lode, 6 located but unrecorded lode, and 29 placer claim locations are present in and within about 1 mi of study area. Approximately 191 of these are in study area; four of these were actively held in 1985. None of study was being explored by private industry in 1985, but prospects in Skedaddle Mountains may be targets for future exploration for both precious metals and perlite. 120°30' 120° 15' 120°00'

In 1984 and 1985, at the request of the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of Mines conducted surveys to assess the mineral resources (known) and mineral resource potential (undiscovered) of 2,ZOO acres of the 5,838acre Pinnacles Wilderness Contiguous Wilderness Study Area (CA-040-303) in the southern Gabilan Range near Hollister, Calif..In this report, the area studied is referred to as "the wilderness study area", or simply "the study area."No active mines, prospects, or identified mineral or energy resources were identified in the study area.Two areas were determined to have low potential for mineral resources.One of these areas has low potential for gold, and silver resources.The other has low potential for diatomite and oil and gas resources.

Mineral resources serve as the foundation of prosperity for any country or community. However, the process of prospecting and exploring these resources is time-consuming and involves financial risks. It requires the combined expertise of both geoscientists and mining engineers, encompassing academic knowledge and professional skills. In this research, we provide an overview of the mineral resources within the Gandaki province of Nepal and evaluate their present status. The main objective is to examine the current status and potential of mineral resources in the province. To achieve this, we extensively utilize available reports, journal articles, and online sources. We gather both primary and secondary data on mineralization. Additionally, we systematically list the potential locations of all documented mineral resources within the Gandaki province, along with their GPS coordinates. Based on the current geological and mineralogical investigations, as well as our understanding of the province’s mineral resources, we identify ten minerals or mineral groups with potential economic value: iron, copper, uranium, tourmaline, syenite, thermal springs, limestone, dolomite, slate, and meta-basic rocks like amphibolite. We strive to provide geological evidence and context for supporting the presence of these minerals.
 In general, iron mineralization is observed as sedimentary deposits, exhibiting a syngenetic nature. Many copper ores are hydrothermally deposited originating from the underlying meta-basic rocks like amphibolite. The region is also known for its abundance of gemstones, including quartz crystals, garnet, kyanite, and tourmaline. These minerals are concentrated in the vicinity of the Main Central Thrust zone and its surrounding areas. Moreover, the province has significant potential for high-quality dimension stones for flooring, roofing, and pavements such as quartzite, slate, phyllite, schist, granite, and gneisses. Additionally, there are ample opportunities for the extraction of construction materials like sand and gravel from the river terraces and natural rock outcrops. Nevertheless, a systematic study focused on prospecting, exploration, and utilization of these potential and possible mineral resources is imperative for an accurate economic evaluation. To achieve this, the provincial government must develop plans and policies to facilitate the development of its own mineral resources. Furthermore, establishing strong collaboration between professionals and academia is crucial to make well-informed investments in the mineral sector. Considering the present status of minerals, the Gandaki province of Nepal holds promising prospects for harnessing its mineral resources for sustainable development.

The contiguous High Steens (OR-002-085F) and Little Blitzen Gorge (OR-002-086F) Wilderness Study Areas are located along east-central Steens Mountain, Harney County, southeastern Oregon. At the request of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, a total of 35,930 acres of the High Steens and 6,430 acres of the Little Blitzen Gorge Wilderness Study Areas were studied. In this report, the combined area studied is referred to simply as "the study area." Field work for this report was conducted between 1983 and 1985. About 500 claims and prospects have been located within and adjacent to the High Steens Wilderness Study Area, 52 of which are still active. No mining claims or prospects have been recorded within the Little Blitzen Gorge Wilderness Study Area. Perlite, with inferred marginal reserves totaling about 400,000 tons, is the only identified resource within the High Steens Wilderness Study Area. No identified resources are located in the Little Blitzen Gorge Wilderness Study Area. The potential for uranium resources is high in two areas along the southeast edge of the High Steens Wilderness Study Area; the potential for mercury resources is also high in one of these areas and the potential for gold resources is moderate in both areas. The potential for gold, mercury, and uranium resources in adjacent areas along the southeast and central-east edges of the High Steens Wilderness Study Area is moderate. The potential for resources of these commodities in an area along the northeast margin of the High Steens Wilderness Study Area is low. The western part of the High Steens Wilderness Study Area west of the Steens Mountain crest has unknown potential for these resources. The mineral resource potential for zeolites is low within a large area surrounding the southeast edge of the High Steens Wilderness Study Area; a low potential for perlite resources is assigned to the western part of this area. The potential for geothermal energy resources is low within a strip along the east margin of the High Steens Wilderness Study Area. The areas of known mineral resource potential and nearby mineral occurrences are related to a major basin-and-range fault zone existing along the base of the east escarpment of Steens Mountain. The entire High Steens Wilderness Study Area as well as the Little Blitzen Gorge Wilderness Study Area have a low potential for oil and gas resources. The Little Blitzen Gorge Wilderness Study Area has unknown potential for gold, mercury, and uranium resources. Character and Setting The High Steens (OR-002-085F) and Little Blitzen Gorge (OR-002-086F) Wilderness Study Areas are located along the east-central part of Steens Mountain in Harney County, Oreg., about 60 mi southsoutheast of Burns, Oreg. The 9,500-ft-high crest of Steens Mountain divides the combined study area into an eastern part characterized by a precipitous, eastfacing, 5,500-ft-high escarpment and a western part consisting of a gently west-dipping dissected plateau. The study area is underlain by a sequence of gently west-dipping Tertiary (see

3 Previous studies 3 Acknowledgments 5 Appraisal of identified resources 5 Mining and mineral exploration history 5 Identified resources 6 Assessment of mineral resource potential 6 Geology 6 Jurassic or older metamorphic rocks 6 Granitic rocks 7 Quaternary surficial deposits 7 Structure 7 Geochemistry 7 Methods 7 Results and interpretation 7 Geophysics 9 Aeromagnetic data 9 Gamma-ray survey 9 Remote sensing 10 Mineral resource potential 10 References cited 11 Appendixes Definition of levels of

Mineral surveys were conducted on 41,315 acres of the Pueblo Mountains Wilderness Study Area (OR002-08 l/NV-020-642) in southeastern Oregon and northern Nevada, at the request of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The original is larger than the on which mineral surveys were requested. This report discusses the geology, mineralizing processes, and mineral resource potential of an larger than the 41,315-acre on which surveys were requested, in order to more accurately determine the mineral resource potential of the area. Throughout this report wilderness area and study area apply only to the 41,315acre on which surveys were requested. The U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted geological, geophysical, and geochemical surveys during 1984 and 1985 to assess the mineral resources (known) and mineral resource potential (undiscovered) of the area. No resources were identified in the Pueblo Mountains Wilderness Study Area. However, the indicates high potential for silver and mercury resources in altered rocks located along two northwest-trending fault zones that cross the east boundary of the area; moderate potential for gold, silver, copper, mercury, and molybdenum resources in quartz veins along a fault near the east boundary of the area; low potential for silver, zinc, mercury, and molybdenum resources in intermediate flows located in the central part of the area; and low potential for undiscovered silver and mercury in silicic tuff. The eastern part of the has low potential for copper, lead, and zinc resources in metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks; and the northeast part of the has low potential for mercury resources in mafic flows. The resource potential for oil, gas, and geothermal energy is considered low in the area. Part of the Pueblo Mountains east of the has four areas of high mineral resource potential and several areas of moderate and low mineral resource potential. All terranes that have high mineral resource potential outside of the are discussed in the text. Metamorphic rocks and Quaternary sedimentary deposits exposed along two segments of the Pueblo Mountains range-front fault, 2 mi east of the area, have high potential for gold and silver resources. Rocks adjacent to the Pueblo caldera ring fault, 1 mi east of the area, have high potential for silver, copper, zinc, mercury, molybdenum, and uranium resources. A metamorphosed quartz diorite intrusion near the southeast boundary of the has high potential for gold, silver, copper, and molybdenum resources. Caldera-fill sedimentary rocks 3 mi east of the have low potential for diatomite and bentonite resources. Character and Setting The Pueblo Mountains Wilderness Study Area (OR-002-81/NV-020-642) is located in southeastern Oregon and northern Nevada about 2 mi northwest of Denio, Nev., and 5 mi south of Fields, Oreg. (fig. 1). The Pueblo Mountains comprise part of a north-

At request of U.S. Bureau of Land Management, 33,000 acres of South Reveille Wilderness Study Area in southern part of Reveille Range in south-central Nevada were studied. In this report, area studied is referred to as the wilderness study or simply the study Rhyolitic tuff and quartz latite intrusive rocks are dominant rock types. There has been no mining within wilderness study area; however, several mining camps, including Reveille and New Reveille in Reveille mining district, lie close-by to north. Near southern boundary of study area, a 30-ft shaft was sunk in a low-grade goldand silver-bearing quartz vein. No resources were identified in study area. Field work and geochemical sampling revealed one mineralized area that lies astride southern boundary of study area. Most of mineralized area has low mineral resource potential for gold and silver in vein deposits, except for central core, which has moderate resource potential for same metals. Character and Setting The study area includes approximately 33,000 acres in a mountainous part of southern half of Reveille Range in south-central Nevada (fig. 1). The elevation ranges from 8,910 ft at Reveille Peak to about 5,160 ft along eastern boundary of study area. Because climate in region is semiarid, stream channels are characteristically dry and littered with unconsolidated siltto boulder-sized material. The Reveille Range, a north-northwest-trending uplifted fault block within Basin and Range physiographic province, is bounded by Reveille Valley graben on west and by Railroad Valley graben on east. Rocks exposed in range consist of Paleozoic (505 to 245 million years before present (Ma)) sedimentary strata and Tertiary (26.1 to 3.8 Ma) tuff and basalts (see Geologic Time Chart, last page of report). The study area contains only Tertiary rocks. Identified Mineral Resources and Mineral Resource Potential A single mineralized area was identified in study area. Thte area is located within southernmost 2 mi of Reveille Range, mostly within study area. It is defined by a goldand silver-bearing quartz vein, highly fractured and bleached rhyolite, and a 3,000-ft-long by 1,800-ft-wide area of iron-stained rhyolite containing low concentrations of arsenic, an element commonly associated with gold in this geologic environment. The southern 2 mi of Reveille Range has moderate resource potential for gold and silver. The surrounding 6 mi have low resource potential for same metals.

Ninety-two surficial sand samples from the inner New York Bight have been analyzed to determine weight percents of eight economic mineral species relative to their respective total heavy mineral assemblages. Particular attention has been focused on delineating areas of significant ilmenite concentration. Total heavy mineral weight percents are highest in the northern portion of the study area and decrease southward. The greatest diversity of economic mineral species is present within the northern portion and three zones within this area where total heavy mineral percentage exceeds 3 percent have been analyzed for potential resources. It is estimated that these three zones contain a minimum of approximately 8 million dry tons of economic mineral species, the bulk of which is zircon. Three zones of significant ilmenite concentration have been delineated within the central portion of the study area. Although total heavy mineral weight percentage ranges from an average of 1.52 to 1.67 percent, ilmenite accounts for an average of 34 to 57 percent of the total weight of the heavies. A minimum of approximately 7 million dry tons of ilmenite is believed to be present within these three zones. However, accessory economic mineral content is extremely low and sewer and dumpsite spoilage may have degraded the quality of the deposits within one of the zones. Until more detailed economic, exploratory, and chemical studies are undertaken, these six zones should be regarded as indicated potential resource zones. INTRODUCTION In 1979 a governmental interagency task force study concluded that selected areas of the United States Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) hold the promise of containing potentially valuable hard mineral resources. l Included within that study was an evaluation of the hard mineral resources of the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico regions, utilizing a somewhat sparse data base. 2 The heavy minerals found within the loose surficial offshore sands were cited as a possible mineral. Of particular importance is the apparent widespread occurrence of ilmenite on the OCS. Ilmenite is a titanium mineral which, because of its high strength/weight ratio and resistance to corrosion, is utilized to form titanium metal for use in the aerospace industry.3 Ilmenite is also used in the formation of titanium dioxide pigment for whitening of paints, plastics, paper, rubber, and other materials. Unfortunately, no action was taken by the federal government regarding these potential mineral resources until January, 1982 when Secretary of the Interior James Watt announced a decision to proceed with the planning of an OCS hard minerals leasing program. The particular effort reported here is an attempt at a preliminary evaluation as to the potential or nonpotential for heavy mineral mining within the inner New York Bight, an area of coastal ocean bordered by Long Island to the north, New York City to the northwest, and New Jersey to the west (Fig. 1). This area appears amenable, both geographically and technically, to offshore mining and dredging operations.

Flotation tailings originating from copper ore processing were evaluated in terms of chemical and mineralogical features, leaching, and resource potential. The results demonstrated that flotation tailings show varying degrees of the leachability of elements when exposed to different pH conditions (2–13); the Zn, Cu and Co leachabilities decrease as pH increases, whereas Mo, Ag and Sb revealed U-shaped leaching trend as a function of pH. Flotation tailings were found to be fairly reactive when exposed to water leaching and rainfall conditions. The environmental risk analysis demonstrated Zn to be the most susceptible element to liberation from the flotation tailings studied. Recovery tests demonstrated sulfuric acid to be slightly more efficient extracting agent as compared to citric acid. Hybrid approach to metal recovery was rather unsuitable for studied tailings due to lower extraction yield (not exceeding 20%) as compared to chemical treatment (not exceeding 40%).

The ground magnetic survey was carried out using a Scintrex proton precession magnetometer to map out subsurface structures and mineralization potentials at the Alajawa area in Shanon, Kano State. 2D forward modeling was in the delineation of geological structures that are potential mineralization zones. Surfer 15 software was used to produce a residual contour map. A total of five (5) profiles of the magnetic residual anomalies were modeled using Mag2dc software. The mineral potential locations were identified. The major zones with the potential of mineral resources were located at the depth of 14.81m, 1.71m, 10.83m, 14.25m, and 15.38m along profile AA’; 3.42m, 10.01m, 15.95m, 7.41m, and 2.28m along with profile BB’; 20.51m, 11.97m, 2.28m, and 27.35m along with profile CC’; 3.99m, 2.85m, 5.13m, and 6.27m along with profile DD’; 34.76m, 25.64m, 7.98m, and 8.55m along profile EE’. The bodies display susceptibility as high as 5.3380 SI Units and as low as -06.745 SI Units. The results of the research analysis revealed that the subsurface is composed of limestone, sandstone, and shale, granite or rhyolite rocks, gneiss, schist, slate, and quartzite.

An increasingly common practice for metallurgical plants is to discard their wastes by combining them with mine tailings prior to disposing the blended material to a containment facility. This practice has occurred since 1985 at the Kidd Creek tailings impoundment where natrojarosite, a waste produced from the adjacent Zn refinery, is combined with mine tailings and is deposited in a single impoundment. To assess the environmental impact of the co-disposal, a laboratory column experiment was conducted. The column material was flotation tailings from the Kidd Creek site containing 3 wt % natrojarosite residue. Dilute sulfuric acid was passed through the column to simulate the acid generated in the unsaturated zone of the tailings impoundment. The results of this experiment were compared to the results of a previous experiment conducted on unamended flotation tailings. The results showed that the effluent from the column containing the natrojarosite-bearing mixture had a faster decrease in pH, earlier increases in the concentrations of dissolved metals such as Pb and Cd, and a greater persistence in effluent metal concentrations such as Pb, Zn and Ni. To prevent the observed enhanced release of dissolved metals from mine waste disposal areas, natrojarosite should not be co-disposed with tailings.

Mineral resources of the Dry Valley Rim Wilderness Study Area, Washoe County, Nevada, and Lassen County, California

The multifractal nature of the Ni geochemical field and implications for potential Ni mineral resources in the Huangshan–Jing'erquan area, Xinjiang, China

Rare earth element REE is very potential future prospect mineral resources in Bangka Island, hence awell developed REE must have a high economic value in the future. As one of the biggest region thatproducing tin ore mining (cassiterite) for hundreds of years, REE potential not yet explored andexploited well until now days in Bangka Island, and was left abundant in ex-mining area. They carriedout from the tin ore mining and become mine waste or tailing and then through the stream flows to besuspension or bed load sediment. The aim of this study is to identify the present rare earth Ce and Ybased on shallow surface sediment samples and their spatial distribution from a number of mineponds called kolong. Primary data collection of shallow surface sediments has been collected onKolong Argotirto and Menjelang West Bangka District, Kolong PLN and Merawang in Bangka District,Kolong Rentensi Kacang Pedang and Pedindang in Pangkalpinang City. Geochemical sedimentsanalysis just for identification the presence of rare earth Ce and Y. Rare earth element of cerium(Ce) just presence in a few sample sediment, but for yittrium (Y) almost presence at all shallowsurface sediment 0,9 - 31,6 ppm. The spatial distribution of rare earth Ce and Y show heterogeneity inlaterally.

The magnetic properties of Ising spin-2 model on recursive p-polygonal structures are studied using Monte Carlo simulations. The thermal magnetization and magnetic susceptibility of recursive 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polygonal structures have been terminated. The variation of magnetization and magnetic susceptibility of recursive 2-polygonal structures for several external magnetic field and the variation of magnetization and magnetic susceptibility versus the crystal field and temperatures of recursive 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polygonal structures are given. Finally, the magnetic hysteresis cycle of recursive 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polygonal structures are obtained and for different temperatures with 2-polygonal structures. It is shown that the reduced transition temperature increases with increasing the p-polygonal structures and decreases with increasing the absolute value of crystal field. The magnetic coercive field increases with increasing the p-polygonal structures and decreases with increasing the temperature values. The superparamagnetism behavior is observed in our system at around reduced transition temperature.