Abstract
Reverberation chambers (RCs) have become a popular testing facility in antenna efficiency measurements. Unlike the standard reference antenna method, the non-reference antenna methods have been proposed to measure the antenna efficiency in the absence of a reference antenna. However, the statistical distributions of the measured (estimated) total antenna efficiencies using the non-reference antenna methods have not been derived before, making it difficult to perform a rigorous statistical analysis of the antenna efficiency measurement. In this paper, the distributions of the measured total antenna efficiencies using two non-reference antenna methods in an RC are derived, based on which the statistics (e.g., expectation and variance) of the measured total antenna efficiencies are also derived. It is shown that the original non-reference antenna methods (estimators) are only asymptotically unbiased and are biased with limited samples, thus corresponding unbiased estimators are proposed and analyzed. The derived analytical expressions of the statistics of the total antenna efficiency estimators are verified by simulations and measurements in an RC. The performances of different non-reference antenna methods are discussed.
Highlights
The reverberation chamber (RC) is an electrically large conducting cavity equipped with metallic mode stirrers, which can stir the electromagnetic modes through mechanical rotations [1], [2]
The semi-empirical analyses mainly focus on the measurement uncertainties of the entire measurement system, which are caused by the measurements of S-parameters, the fluctuation of measurement facilities, and the inconsistence of the measurement environment, whereas the statistical distribution of the measured total antenna efficiency is still unknown to date
In this paper, we have derived the analytical distributions of the antenna efficiencies measured using two non-reference antenna methods in the Reverberation chambers (RCs)
Summary
The reverberation chamber (RC) is an electrically large conducting cavity equipped with metallic mode stirrers, which can stir the electromagnetic modes through mechanical rotations [1], [2]. The semi-empirical analyses mainly focus on the measurement uncertainties of the entire measurement system, which are caused by the measurements of S-parameters, the fluctuation of measurement facilities, and the inconsistence of the measurement environment, whereas the statistical distribution of the measured (estimated) total antenna efficiency is still unknown to date. The statistical distributions of the measured total antenna efficiencies using the three non-reference antenna methods [11] are still unknown to date. We have derived the distributions and associated statistics of two non-reference antenna methods (i.e., the one-antenna method and the three antenna method), based on which rigorous statistical analyses of the uncertainties of the methods are performed. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section II briefly introduces the three non-reference antenna methods, and presents detailed derivations of the PDFs and related statistics.
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