Station-City Integration: Urban Space Ecological Transformation Research Based on Rail Transit

At present, rail transit in China is booming. At the same time, some big cities are undergoing a crucial stage of adjustment of urban spatial structure. Therefore, it is significant to study the relationship between the development of rail transit and the evolution of urban spatial structure. This paper reviews the development of Guangzhou rail transit and the evolution of Guangzhou urban spatial structure, and discusses the relationship between them. The conclusion is that there is interactive relationship between the development of rail transit and the evolution of urban spatial structure, and the construction and planning of rail transit should coordinate with the current condition and future planning of urban spatial structure. During network planning, the focus should not only be placed on the rail transit project itself, but the construction of a scientific and reasonable urban spatial structure, so that rail transit can contribute to sustainable urban development.

In the 21st century, the over dependence on cars in China’s urban development has led to a series of problems, which have seriously affected the development of contemporary cities. The problem of communication has become the bottleneck of the development of many cities in China. Therefore, the rise of urban rail transit is an inevitable trend. The construction and development of rail transit is an effective way to solve urban diseases, such as traffic congestion, traffic pollution, poor green travel environment and difficult parking. In the period of great development opportunity of rail transit, it is necessary to discuss how to scientifically plan urban rail transit system, promote urban intensive development and improve urban traffic conditions. Combined with the current situation of rapid development of urban rail transit in China, this article analyzes the main problems existing in the development of urban rail transit at present, and puts forward the guiding ideology and main countermeasures for the development of urban rail transit in the future: do what you can and develop steadily to effectively avoid the hidden dangers brought about by blind development; further strengthen the scientific nature of urban rail transit planning and maintain the seriousness of planning; further improve the investment and financing mode of urban rail transit. Some suggestions are also put forward for the key problems to be solved in the near future.

Secondary city and several apartment developments in big cities in Indonesia both in secondary city and central city are the government’s effort in anticipating the society explosion in big city and the residence’s space need. But, with the ease access to the big city, it makes the satellite city to be more developed; inhabitant prefers to live in satellite city then works in big city. Those conditions will change the trip pattern and uprising the society movement from satellite city to central city. Suitable to what have said that in the developing country, life style will affecting the mobility, so with the ease of access and lot of private vehicle usage will add the road burden, where the impacts are traffic jam and lot of pollution in independent city and central city surrounding it. This study aims 1) to identify the characteristics and trip pattern of the study area, 2) to analyze the implementation of TOD concept in LRT development in the cities which have satellite city in Indonesia where the case study in Semarang city. Method in this study was performed using descriptive explorative and quantitative by simulating demand potential using TOD concept and after the LRT development. This study concludes that in the cities which have satellite city, TOD concept in LRT development will make a sustainable transportation and by using TOD concept in LRT development will change society life style.

Towards concentration and decentralization: The evolution of urban spatial structure of Chinese cities, 2001–2016

The interactive relation between transportation and urban spatial structure remains a significant yet challenging issue in transport engineering and urban planning. Most previous studies indicate that the coordination of transportation and urban structure is conducive to solve urban diseases and promote urban sustainable development. Grounded in the theory of city-region spatial structure, this study examines the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban spatial structure from 2006 to 2019 and investigates the impact of transportation on shaping urban spatial structure in prefecture-level cities in China using spatial Durbin model. Major findings include: first, the nighttime light remote sensing data is employed to characterize urban spatial structure with the mono-centricity index ranging from 0.26 to 0.48. The coastal cities tend to exhibit the polycentric structure, while the cities in western region often display the monocentric structure. Second, there is a gradual decline in mono-centricity structure in these cities. Spatial heterogeneity in urban spatial structure is evident in eastern, central, western and northeastern China. Third, transportation significantly and positively influences spatial structure, however, the impact varies across regions and city sizes. Finally, policy implications are proposed based on these findings, such as promoting the integrated land use-transportation development, implementing targeted regional policies, and enhancing land use spatial planning.

The rail transit as a modern, fast, mass transit system plays an important role in the evolution of transportation system and urban spatial structure. Therefore, the quantitative study of the effectiveness of urban rail transit has an important significance. The traffic flow prediction system model was set up with the method of GIS and cellular automata (cellular automata, abbreviated as CA), through adopting planning target and policy indicator, using the data of traffic saturation degree, transportation lines, population distribution at street/town, traffic flow and land use and etc. The traffic flow of different sections during rush hours was predicted and analyzed, When Changsha Metro No.1 and No.2 plan in 2015 was opened to traffic across the board. Simulation result display that: Metro Line No.1, 2 can greatly reduce the traffic pressure of the road along the line in the city zone. High intensity of land development has significant effect on traffic flow. To solve urban transport problems should be start with many aspects, such as to optimize the distribution of cities, to advocate transportation priority and construct scientific transportation network.

Stratified evolution of urban residential spatial structure in China through the transitional period: A case study of five categories of housings in Chengdu

The urban structure of large Chinese cities has been well researched, but a systematic analysis of polycentric urban development and the determinants of subcenter formation across municipal districts in cities at the prefectural level and above (PLACMD) is lacking. Using geospatial big data and spatial analysis methods, we measure the urban spatial structure of all 294 PLACMDs to determine the polycentric urban structure in China and conduct an exploratory regression analysis of 59 PLACMDs (due to data restrictions) to explore the formation of polycentric cities. Our results suggest that using location‐based data allows for a timelier and more accurate center identification of detailed urban structural features than using other data. Each PLACMD in China has at least one center, and polycentricity is currently the most common urban spatial structure. PLACMDs with higher populations are more polycentric. Compared with the results obtained from large American urban areas, our regression results imply that population alone accounts for most of the variation in the polycentric index and that commuting costs provide a weak explanation of the existence of Chinese PLACMDs. Both economic development and agglomeration economics are associated with the polycentric index. In contrast, the topographical features are statistically nonsignificant in the regression model.

Networking and sustainable development of urban spatial planning: Influence of rail transit

China has the largest and fastest growing urban rail transit system in the world. The system plays an important role in China's urbanization process, city governance and residents' daily commutes. The development of urban rail transit (URT) has influenced China's urban spatial structure and real estate supply, and has produced externalities on real estate value, including both positive and negative externalities. The research shows a positive correlation between URT and China’s real estate prices in general. The closer rail transit systems are, the greater the premium on real estate prices. In addition, the impact of rail transit on real estate prices shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Different land use types and urban areas will also be affected. The research also found that the three stages of URT construction: planning, engineering construction and traffic operation have different effects on housing prices. At the same time, the impact of URT on land price will also change with China's economic situation and urbanization process. These influencing mechanisms above between URT and real estate prices may be linked to some factors. This research attempts to explain it by introducing urban spatial and land rent transformation, changes in real estate supply and demand, gentrification process, and different employment and housing pattern. This research points out the shortcomings and possible research directions of existing studies. In order to provide a reference for academic research and government policy making.

As fundamental nodal elements in urban spatial structures, the coupling and coordinated development of urban business centers and urban rail transit contributes to the optimization of these structures. Utilizing complex network theory, a model for the urban rail transit network was constructed. The importance and hub nature of urban rail transit stations were evaluated from different angles, including degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and eigenvector centrality. These metrics examined the station's degree, closeness to other nodes, number of shortest paths, and centrality of neighboring nodes. The coupling relationship between urban rail transit and urban business centers was taken into account, leading to the creation of a coupling and coordination degree model for urban rail transit stations and urban business centers. An analysis of the spatio-temporal evolution of the coupling relationship between urban rail transit and business centers in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou from 2000 to 2020 was conducted. The findings indicated an interactive and mutually influencing coupling relationship between the urban rail transit network and urban business centers. Over time, the coupling and coordination degree of urban rail transit stations and urban business centers trended from being uncoordinated towards preliminary, moderate, and good coordination. Spatial heterogeneity existed in the coupling and coordination status of different circles, with the best coupling and coordination conditions being in the core area. There was a degree of variance in the coupling and coordination development situation of rail transit stations and business centers in the core areas of different cities. Among them, Shanghai's core area had the best spatial coupling and coordination development situation, Beijing's core area lagged in business center development compared to the construction of the urban rail transit network, while Guangzhou's core area saw urban rail transit network development lag behind its mature business centers. The application of these research findings aids in promoting sustainable urban development. While this study primarily measured the importance of urban rail transit network stations from the node centrality perspective, future studies could further examine the spatial coupling of urban rail transit and business centers from the viewpoints of accessibility and passenger flow.

The spatial changes of utilization intensity of urban lands are decided by the dual substitute relation of transportation costs and rent’s substitute and elements substitute (producer) or consumption substitute (residence). The land use intensity affects the urban spatial form directly. This paper aims to study the relation between construction of rail transit and urban spatial form from the perspectives of urban economics, urban traffic conditions and spatial structure evolution. It takes the metropolitan areas of Tokyo and Singapore as sample cases to analyse the influence of urban development brought by the rail transit.

The urban network is an important method of spatial optimization, and measuring the development level of the urban network is a prerequisite for spatial optimization. Combining geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis, social network analysis, and multidimensional scaling models, we explored the evolution of the urban network spatial structure in the Yangtze River Delta from 1990 to 2017 and proposed corresponding optimization measures. The results showed that the urban network spatial structure of the Yangtze River Delta has evolved from a single-center cluster with Shanghai as its core to a multi-center network with Shanghai as its core and Nanjing, Hangzhou, and Hefei as secondary cores. The density of the urban network has gradually expanded, but the strength of the connection between edge cities such as Chizhou, Suqian, and Quzhou and the core cities needs to be further improved. We found that the evolution of the urban network spatial structure has been driven by preferential attachment, path dependence, and differences in economic and industrial development. Finally, we propose optimizing the urban network spatial structure by strengthening the driving ability of the core cities, clarifying urban functions and development directions, and establishing a unified coordination mechanism. This paper enriches and deepens our understanding of the characteristics of the city network in the Yangtze River Delta, and provides a reference for the optimization of the urban network spatial structure.

Influence mechanism of urban polycentric spatial structure on PM2.5 emissions in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China

The urban spatial structure of Chinese cities has been changing since the post-Mao economic reform in 1978. More dramatic changes have occurred since the housing reform in 1982 and land reform in 1987. This article examines the transformation of urban spatial structure in China in the context of a transitional economy and its underlying dynamics. The land use changes in Guangzhou are used for a case study. The major findings are rapid decentralization through leapfrog developments in peripheral areas and the re-emergence of business and service areas in the city centre. The authors present a model of a new urban spatial structure and discuss its implications for urban planning.