Abstract
Many countries throughout the world have found drinking water sources to be contaminated with chromium. The presence of chromium occurring naturally or anthropogenic in water at higher concentrations has proven to be carcinogenic to different internal and external organs of living organisms. Chromium is a well-known highly toxic metal, considered a priority pollutant. The dissolution of chromium in water is due to its physical, chemical and biological properties. Industrial sources of chromium include effluents from leather tanning, cooling tower blowdown, plating, electroplating, anodizing baths, rinse waters, etc. This article provides an overview of chromium and its toxicity, WHO standards of chromium in drinking water, removal techniques for chromium-contaminated aqueous solutions and comparison of methods for chromium reduction. A particular focus is given to adsorption, membrane filtration, ion exchange, electrochemical treatment methods and biological techniques. Suitability of these treatment methods to meet the required disposal standard is very difficult as these methods have some limitations, which have been reviewed in this paper.KeywordsChromium removalCoagulationFiltrationReductionWater pollution
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