Abstract
Electrospun nanofiber materials have been considered as advanced dressing candidates in the perspective of wound healing and skin regeneration, originated from their high porosity and permeability to air and moisture, effective barrier performance of external pathogens, and fantastic extracellular matrix (ECM) fibril mimicking property. Gelatin is one of the most important natural biomaterials for the design and construction of electrospun nanofiber-based dressings, due to its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, and great exudate-absorbing capacity. Various crosslinking approaches including physical, chemical, and biological methods have been introduced to improve the mechanical stability of electrospun gelatin-based nanofiber mats. Some innovative electrospinning strategies, including blend electrospinning, emulsion electrospinning, and coaxial electrospinning, have been explored to improve the mechanical, physicochemical, and biological properties of gelatin-based nanofiber mats. Moreover, numerous bioactive components and therapeutic agents have been utilized to impart the electrospun gelatin-based nanofiber dressing materials with multiple functions, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, hemostatic, and vascularization, as well as other healing-promoting capacities. Noticeably, electrospun gelatin-based nanofiber mats integrated with specific functions have been fabricated to treat some hard-healing wound types containing burn and diabetic wounds. This work provides a detailed review of electrospun gelatin-based nanofiber dressing materials without or with therapeutic agents for wound healing and skin regeneration applications.
Highlights
Received: 21 January 2022Skin is the largest organ located on the surface of human body, providing some essential sensing, thermoregulation, biological and immune functions, as well as continuous physical protection against various external pathogens [1,2]
This review summarizes the preparation of electrospinning gelatin-based nanofiber mats and their applications in wound healing and skin regeneration
During the past two decades, great endeavor has been devoted to blending polymer choice, solvent and functional additive selection, and post-treatment strategy like physical or chemical crosslinking, to improve the water resistance, control the degradation rate, and to increase the physical and biological performances of electrospun gelatin-based nanofiber mats
Summary
Skin is the largest organ located on the surface of human body, providing some essential sensing, thermoregulation, biological and immune functions, as well as continuous physical protection against various external pathogens [1,2]. Gelatin blending with some other natural or synthetic biopolymers can improve the spinnability and enhance the mechanical, physicochemical, and biological properties of generated electrospun nanofibers, which are more attractive for wound healing application [28,29]. This review firstly introduces the common wound type, normal wound healing process, and general properties of gelatin polymer. This review summarizes the preparation of electrospinning gelatin-based nanofiber mats and their applications in wound healing and skin regeneration. Some innovative strategies like loading various bioactive and therapeutic agents including natural drugs, synthesized drugs, growth factors, and other biomolecules into electrospun gelatin-based nanofibers (Figure 1) are highlighted. Schematicofofthe the design and development of bioactive therapeutic loaded tin-based nanofiber matsmats for wound treatment applications.
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